Renaissance

The kind of food eaten by peasants during the Renaissance was mush, and soup. Soup was made out of vegetable scraps, and mush was made of grains. They often served black bread with the mush, or soup as well. The rich during this period had meats, and spices to make their foods taste better.

In general terms, the importance of the rise of the middle class in Europe may be ranked as one of the decisive developments in the entirety of European -- and even World -- History. Initially small, lacking influence, and even widely held in contempt, it gradually rose to become a new 'power-player' in social and political affairs. It eventually contributed to the toppling of monarchy in Europe, the rise of new economic theories and practices, and even had a strong hand in the development of constitutional government and other generally 'democratic' influences across the globe.

The Medici family was well - known for their bank. While the title of the bank is hard to find, the bank was well known for being the most popular bank of the 15th century.

They were also well known for funding art and architectural projects. Lorenzo'de Medici was a well known artist.

Florence became a major city during the renaissance because the Medici family, who was very rich and powerful at the time, sponsored many artists and without them they wouldn't have been able to create and sell so much work.

Generally speaking, monks and nuns lived in monasteries or convents, and did very much the same sorts of things other people did in terms of raising food, cleaning, cooking, and so on. They did not have families, but spent their time in prayer and devotion instead.

Many monks and nuns worked at specialized jobs, and there was a wide range of these from tending the sick and making medicine, to making cheese or wine, copying books, singing in choirs, educating people, and providing inns for pilgrims and other travelers, protecting travelers on the road, and even fighting wars.

There are links below.

The historical age where the government (God) was created.

It started a new generation, which was created by a man we know as "Jesus".

Who made historical events up to misdirect us.

Jesus wasn't a healer, he was a man of knowledge.

BC/AC - before and after his death.

These religions were created as a "sanctuary" for people who needed a leader. NOBODY IS GOD.

The first recorded appearance of the plague in Europe was at Messina, Sicily in October of 1347. It arrived with trading ships that likely came from the Black Sea, past Constantinople and through the Mediterranean. This was a standard trade route that brought to Europeans goods which were carried overland to the Black Sea from as far away as China.

1. Classical Antiquity:

There was an increased interest in the grand literatures of the Greek and Romans. Allusions to Greek and Roman characters in Shakespeare's dramas and revival of the theatres along with promotion of the epic are examples.

2. Humanism:

Renaissance held the Human being as the SUpreme Being and distinguished him from the other beings for his faculty of reason. The speeches of Hamlet and Macduff are considerable here.

3. Political reformation:

The concept of hierarchy came into being and intruding in other's spaces became a trend. It resulted in a number of political upheavals. Macbeth and his queen's design to kill Banquo and ascend the throne is a suitable example here.

4. Imitation:

Literature as an imitation of reality, as a 'mirror to life' than mere imitation of the classical masters was promoted. Shakespeare's dramas speak volumes about it.

5. Religious Reformation:

People began to question the Pope and the natural phenomena as believed earlier. Copernican theory brought about a revolution and the people peeped into the deeper secrets of life and existence. Marlowe's Faustus is a considerable figure here.

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Cosimo de Medici was like the person who made Florence the richest city in Europe. He also set up the Platonic Academy to produce great thinkers and scholars. He also sponsored Raphael, Michelangelo, and Donatello. He was a great patron of the arts. Cosimo also unified all of Tuscany under a single ruler and tolerated the Huguenots in France

The Medici family was the wealthiest family in Florence. They developed their wealth through textile trade then helped to develop the economy by opening the Medici bank. The Medici bank used a credit/debit system that allowed more people to enter the merchant business and allowed for the post-plague economy to rebuild.

A tinsmith would wear a apron, long pants and a shirt.

Medieval doom paintings are pictures of what medieval people thought of. A picture of Heaven and a picture of Hell.

A doom is a painting of the last judgment, an event in christian eschatology. Christ judges souls, and then sends them to either heaven or hell. Many Dooms survive in medieval churches dating from around the 12th to 16th centuries, although they were virtually standard in churches from much earlier than that.

Dooms were used to remind medieval Christians of the afterlife and Judgment Day, and to help keep them mindful of sinning by showing in graphic detail the dramatic difference between Heaven and Hell. A Doom was usually sited either on the rear (Western) wall, if that had a suitable space, or at the front of a church, often on the Chancel arch itself, so that it would be constantly in view of worshipers as they looked towards the Priest during services.

Although there are many different versions, the theme's format stays broadly the same. On the left side of a Doom painting (that is, on Christ's right hand) is Heaven, whilst on the right is Hell. At the top of the image Jesus Christ sits in glory with his right hand encouraging the saved up and his left hand pointing down to Hell for the damned. Typically flanking him is the virgin Mary on his right and John the apostle on his left, sometimes with the twenty four elders mentioned in the book of Revelation encircling the three of them. The angles blow their trumpets to raise the dead for judgment. Commonly the Archangel lord is in the centre, with the scales he will use to weigh the souls of humanity to see if individually they are fit for Heaven: one person is on one side of the scale while demonic creatures that represent the sins committed by the person are on the other side of the scale. The creatures try to tip the scales in their favour while, in some versions of the painting, The Virgin Mary places a rosary next to the person she wishes to protect, or puts her hand on the scale to counterbalance the demons.

Those who are worthy are brought to the gates of Heaven, frequently represented by a castle with large walls built to keep out sinful impurities. This is most commonly depicted on the left hand side of Doom paintings. Groups of angels adorn the walls of Heaven celebrating the saved as they approach Heaven's gates, where saint peter waits with his keys.

Those on the other side of the painting, unworthy of Heaven, are seized by demons and brought into the mouth of hell, beyond which, mostly out of sight, lie the bowels of Hell where endless pain and suffering await them. The mouth of Hell is usually represented by a huge monster with its fiery mouth open wide to receive the Damned being forced into it. In some cases the demons have chains tied around the Damned who are helplessly pulled in, while in others the Damned are dragged or carried. In yet other cases the Damned are brought into Hell in wheelbarrows or baskets.

The Medieval period allowed for the development of most of the modern nations of Europe we know today and its legacy in the fields of culture, art, literature, language, sport, and religion is enormous.

The Magna Carta (written in 1212) established that the king was not above the law, and this began to establish democracy as we know it.

Another major legacy of the Middle Ages was indeed the way Christianity spread like wildfire throughout Europe. Today, the majority of Europe are deeply Christian nations and this is because of the beliefs of their ancestors all those years ago.

The 'heyday' of witch-hunting was from about 1550-1700. Witch-hunting had a particular attraction for Protestants - from Hungary to New England.

Galileo, Martin Luther and Lorenzo de' Medici, known as "the Magnificent" because of the fame he brought Florence, was also a great patron of the arts. He used his money and power to support philosophers, writers, and artists and was himself a reputable poet and scholar. Under his reign, public festivals were held to entertain, teach, and inspire. Lorenzo spent huge sums to purchase Greek and Latin manuscripts and have them copied into the Italian vernacular.

Lorenzo's actions did not go unnoticed by the Church. Pope Sixtus IV was so alarmed by Lorenzo's power and popularity that he conspired in an unsuccessful assassination plot against him.(Robert Hold)

Actually Desiderious Erasmus was born in the Netherlands around 1469.

During the Renaissance era, astrology was considered one of the sciences. Educated men and women, including Elizabeth I, used astrology. Astrological calculations were used for the diagnosis of physical and mental issues. Relationships between the planets were used to predict anything from birth to death.

There was no King or Queen of Italy in 1595, unless I am badly mistaken.

Italy was fragmented until the mid 1800s, when it was unified. In the Middle Ages, there was a Kingdom of Naples, and there was a Kingdom of Sicily. There may have been other kingdoms I am failing to remember, but there were certainly a number of sovereign states, both monarchic and republican.

As the Dance is not, in the usual sense a liturgical or religious custom ( we are not whirling dervishes!) I don"t think they would have objected. On the other hand they went out of their way ( and for scant educative or philosophical reasons) to keep the genders apart in their educational system. above about the third grade- all Religious classes were gender-discrete and this applied especially in the extra-curricular Sunday Schools- there were evidentally different boys and girls texts, even. Male classes were conducted by Brothers and females by Nuns. They met in different buildings. in my day ( l967 but it seem lilke l9ll)- It was impossible to have a cross-gender sponsor- if you were a boy, you had to have two mature adult Sponsors who were practicing Catholics- I managed to round up a local police officer and a man who was a foreman at a tobacco plant- both neighbors. they would not bend the rules to allow a boy to have say, a male and female sponsor. I could go on and on but wont"t. Dating was never even discussed in Sunday school.

There is only one way to get to heaven.......

YOU HAVE TO TRUST IN THE LORD JESUS CHRIST.

That depends where they are King, and how much power their ancestors gave away. The current Monarchs of United kingdom, Denmark or Belgium do not really have much power, but on the other hand Sultan Qaboos of Oman has total power in his country.

Elizabethan government was divided between Queen Elizabeth, the Privy Council and Parliament. In addition, the Council of the North, and Council of the Marshes took care of regional laws. All laws required the Queen's signature to become law.