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Software Engineering
Software engineering is the process of applying well-developed techniques and practices in order to create new software products. Questions about everything from design patterns to requirements and specification belong here.
1,663 Questions
Form the IR planning team, Develop the IR policy, Organize the security incident response team (SIRT), Develop the IR plan, and Develop IR procedures.
The critical elements are: Statement of management commitment. Purpose and objective of the policy. Scope of the policy. Definition of information security incidents and their consequences within the context of the organization. Organization structure and delineation of roles, responsibilities, and level of authority; should include the authority of the incident response team to confiscate or disconnect equipment and to monitor suspicious activity, and the requirements for reporting certain types of incidents. Prioritization or severity rating of incidents. Performance measures and reporting and contact forms.
What is Procedure for registration with nasscom to start BPO?
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* Membership Categories * Fee Structure * Code of Conduct * Election / Nomination to the Executive Council * Voting Rights * Check List of Documents to be attached with the Application Form To enrol as a NASSCOM member follow a simple three-step process: Download Brochure # Fill the Membership Application Form # Attach all the documents mentioned in the Checklist of Documents # Enclose the necessary remittances
Membership Category There are two categories of membership: A. Regular Member IT software and services organization registered in India with annual revenue from IT software and services exceeding Rs 1 crore These include: * Software Development Companies * IT Services Companies * Software Product Companies * Resellers of Branded Software Packages * E-Commerce Companies * IT Enabled Service Companies * System Integrators Eligibility: Any firm, society, company or division thereof registered or incorporated in India and conducting business in IT software, IT services with annual revenue exceeding Rs 1 crore is eligible to apply for Regular membership. B. Associate Member Following categories of organization qualify to become Associate Members * Start up IT software and service organization registered in India with annual revenue from IT software and services not exceeding Rs 1 Crore * Liaison offices of overseas organization registered in India * Organizations providing support/affiliated services to IT software and service organizations qualify to become "institutional members" under category of Associate Members. Membership under this category can be sought by: * NGO's * Government Organisations / Departments * Societies engaged in promotion of IT * Financial Institutions * Venture Capital Firms * Research Institutions * Infrastructure Providers * Real Estate Companies * Managements Consultants * Non Profit Organisations * "Companies providing services to IT industry"
(Associate members enjoy all benefits but are not entitled to vote at any meeting of the association) Fee Structure The Fee Structure is as under # One-Time Admission/Application Fee of Rs. 5,000/-. # Annual Subscription Fee, as detailed hereunder. Annual subscription fee for regular members is based on the gross revenues from IT software and services for the previous financial year and shall be calculated on a slab system (See Table below). For start up companies, the annual subscription would be based on the estimated projected turnover of the current financial year. # Annual mailer and newsletter charges of Rs 4800/- applicable for member categories X, Y, Z, E and F. (Members under categories A,B,C and D are not required to pay Mailer/Newsletter charges) Please note that all payments have to be made by demand draft / Cheque in favour of 'NASSCOM' and payable at New Delhi / Mumbai / Chennai / Bangalore / Hyderabad Subscription Fee Structure ANNUAL GROSS REVENUE FROM IT SOFTWARE & SERVICES CATEGORYANNUAL MEMBERSHIP SUBSCRIPTION
(IN RS.) 1. REGULAR MEMBERS * Exceeding Rs 10000 crore A(V) 60,00,000 * Exceeding Rs 5000 crore but not exceeding Rs 10000 crore A(IV) 40,00,000 * Exceeding Rs 2000 crore but not exceeding Rs 5000 crore A(III) 25,00,000 * Exceeding Rs 1000 crore but not exceeding Rs 2000 crore A(II) 12,50,000 * Exceeding Rs 500 crore but not exceeding Rs 1000 crore A(I)7,50,000 * Exceeding Rs 200 crore but not exceeding Rs 500 Crore B 4,50,000 * Exceeding Rs 50 crore but not exceeding Rs 200 Crore C 2,00,000 * Exceeding Rs 20 crore but not exceeding Rs 50 Crore D 85,000 * Exceeding Rs 5 crore but not exceeding Rs 20 Crore E45,000 * Exceeding Rs 1 crore but not exceeding Rs 5 Crore F 22,000 2. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS * Institutional Members X 50,000 * Foreign companies having liaison office in India Y 40,000 * Not exceeding Rs 1 Crore Z 10,000 EXPLANATIONS * In case of members having both IT software and services as well as non-software interest, the subscription shall be based on IT software and services activities only. In case of any doubt the quantum shall be decided by the Executive Council and it will be binding on the members. * Members shall, as and when required by the Association, furnish necessary information relating to their gross turnover and authorised capital. If any member fails to furnish this information, the Association is entitled to charge subscription from such members on the basis of 25 percent increase over its gross sales turnover figures of the previous year. * The annual subscription fees of new members joining after September in any year will be reduced to half the annual fees and those joining later than December in any Financial year will be provided membership on complimentary basis for the financial year under reference, subject to their paying the necessary application and subscription charges for the subsequent year in advance. MEMBERSHIP DUES All membership dues are payable in advance for a financial year (April - March) in full and become due on the first of April each year and are payable before the end of May that year. REVISION OF FEES The Executive Council reserves the right to revise the fee structure, as long as increases are limited to 25 percent of the respective fees and such revision is not effected more than once in a 12-month period. In all other cases, approval of the Association in a General Body meeting is required.
Code of Conduct All members of NASSCOM are bound to conform to the Code of Conduct of the Association, as under: Relationship with Client: Dealings with clients must be conducted in an ethical manner; terms of agreements should be clearly and precisely expressed and fulfilled in good faith; work undertaken should be carried out promptly and efficiently and client's interests properly safeguarded and confidentiality maintained. Relations with Fellow Members: Dealings with fellow members must be conducted in a positive and professional manner and in utmost courtesy and fairness; property rights, work results, confidential data and vendor/client relations of fellow members ought to be respected; and no engagement in harmful, disparaging or predatory tactics will be entertained. Relations with Principals: Members shall represent Principals in a fair and business like manner in accordance with their contract, their property and other rights; and provide full and accurate business records. Relations with Employees: Members shall strive to employ high caliber staff and offer fair and equal opportunities for growth and development. Relevant training and constant upgrading of the employees has to be provided in line with job responsibilities. Also, employees have to be informed of their obligation to keep important data confidential. And of the fact that any professional misconduct constituting of unauthorized disclosure of confidential nature or violation of copyright laws will cause employers to take disciplinary action. Relations with Public: Members shall promote effective use of information technology as an instrument for social and economic good and act as good corporate citizens and fulfill their responsibilities to the community. Relations with International Community: Members shall promote communication with foreign countries, based on international cooperation. They would not harm India 's image, while conducting business abroad. Intellectual Property Protection: Members shall neither use nor encourage the use of pirated software in their own and their client's organizations. Election/Nomination to the Executive Council The general management and the control of the Association shall be vested in the Executive Council, which shall consist of not more than 30 and not less than 3 members. Meetings of the Executive Council shall be held not less than once in 3 months. The Executive Council may, at its discretion, nominate up to a maximum of 6 additional members. In no circumstances may a member company have more than 1 elected representative on the Executive Council. The Chairman and Vice Chairman will be elected by the Executive Council immediately upon its assuming office after the Annual General Meeting, each member of the Executive Council will having one vote for this purpose. The tenure of the Executive Council would be for two years but the Chairman, Vice Chairman, so elected by the Executive Council would assume office for one year. At the end of one year, the Executive Council would again elect a Chairman and Vice Chairman. The outgoing Chairman or Vice Chairman shall be eligible for re-election.
Category Numbers 1. General or Open 18 2. Nominated 6 3. Immediate Past Chairmen(s) 2 4. President / Secretary (ex - office) 1
TOTAL 27 Each member of the Association will have votes as described earlier. The first Executive Council shall dissolve itself at the close of the second Annual General Meeting and a new Council will assume office. Tenure of the members of the Council including its co-opted members will be for two years. However, the term of the Chairman and Vice Chairmen will be for one year. The Council through co-option will fill any temporary vacancy as and when necessary. This will be in addition to the co-opted members referred to earlier. The tenure of these members will coincide with the tenure of the Council. The outgoing council members shall be eligible for re- election.
Voting Rights Regular members are entitled to hold office and vote at any meeting of the Association. The voting rights of members shall be calculated according to the share of annual subscription of members on the following basis (fractions of a rupee being ignored). Associate Members have no voting rights.
Annual Subscription Category VotesRs.22,000 F 1 Rs.45,000 E 2 Rs.85,000 D 3 Rs.2,00,000 C 4 Rs.4,50,000 B 5 Rs.7,50,000 - Rs.60,00,000 A 6 Checklist of Documents If an applicant meets the eligibility criteria, they may apply for membership by sending the following to the NASSCOM Secretariat: * Membership Application Form completed in all respects, duly signed and stamped. * Brief company profile on the company letterhead/printed corporate brochure. * An attested copy of Memorandum and Articles of Association to be provided in case of companies (including the copy of certificate of Incorporation). * An attested copy of Balance Sheet of the last financial year. Start up companies are required to attach a copy of their Project Report/Business Plan. * Certificate of Turnover: Certificate signed by the Company Auditor or Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the applicant or equivalent, stating their gross turnover from IT software and services in the last financial year (Start-ups may give projections for the current financial year). * Details of each of the promoters, in terms of educational and professional background. In case of 100%owned subsidiaries, a profile of the parent company needs to be attached. * In case the company has applied for listing at STP/ SEZ, a copy of the STP/ SEZ approval/ Green card issued needs to be attached. * Letter of reference from two registered NASSCOM member companies. Click here to view the registered members. * Necessary remittances, which includes:
• one-time admission fees of Rs. 5,000/-
• annual membership subscription (see Subscription Fee chart), and
• Mailers and Newsletter charges of Rs .4,800/-per annum
Why do you design a full adder using OR gate?
You cannot design a full adder using only OR gates. You also need AND gates. Typically, this can be done with just NAND gates.
Difference between select and inner join?
The select command is the mechanism for retrieving records from a SQL database. In it's simplest form, this would be FROM a single table, for example - select * from CustomerTable.
When data is needed from multiple tables, each pair of tables has to be linked together using a JOIN. The easiest type of join is an INNER JOIN, which expects the data to be in both tables. For example, if a customer record had a 'STATE' code which looked up against the US States and we want our SELECT to return the State name as well as the customer code, it would look something like this;
SELECT CustomerCode, CustomerName, StateName FROM Customer INNER JOIN State on (State.ID = Customer.StateCode)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of pairwise programming?
Assuming you understand what Pair-wise programming is, we can in general say that it is advantageous because the overall logic of the code written, the idea behind using certain constructs in the code, etc. are known to different people rather than a single head. Since, two or more heads is obviously better than one, we see that Pair-wise programming is certainly advantageous. But, the flip-side is say you are stuck in a situation in the code-development and one fine afternoon you get a flash but you cannot code because your partner is not there. Also, increased costs is another disadvantage. These are the basic points and I can assure you that there are several subtleties involved.
What features of unix systems are especially useful from a software engineering stand point?
API [Application Programming Interface]
1An attribute which can be used to uniquely identify the individual instances of the entity is?
Primery Key.
Can you use linear sequential model in RAD?
In RAD, the project is divided into modules and each module is alloted to different team. Each team work on the module in a sequential manner.
ER model for project management systems?
A university has a large number of courses in catalog.Attributes of COURSE include Course_Number(identifier),Course_Name and Units.Each course may have one or more course as prerequisties or may have no prerequisties.Similarly,a particular course may be a prerequisties for any number of courses or may not be prerequities for any other course.
What does restricted access major mean?
It means you must meet the requirements for entrance to the major. Its not open to all students but only those who qualify. You will usually find this in the health related majors.
Automatic Switch Interface (ASI)
The CAIRS OSS ASI module is a multiple switching platform provisioning tool that increases the power and accuracy of the CAIRS system substantially. Working in either a single or multiple switch environment, the ASI module is a cross platform scripting language that can communicate to any switch that utilizes ASCII, Binary, XML file configuration commands (i.e. Nortel, Avaya, Lucent, Siemens & Redcom). Although the ASI module carries the complexities of a programming language, all of the hard work is done behind the scenes. When CAIRS users open a work order that requires a switch assignment, CAIRS writes a change request to the ASI sub-folder in the CAIRS database. Watching the CAIRS database real time for new work orders requests, the ASI module interprets each new work order to determine the assignment type. Once the ASI module has successfully programmed the switch it returns an assignment summary to the CAIRS users. The assignment summary notifies the CAIRS user that the assignment has been completed successfully.
aq
What are mental models and why are they important in interface design?
Mental models are the theories people build to understand the causal behavior of systems. These are often partial, unstable and subject to change. They may be internally inconsistent. They may be superstitious and based on incorrect interpretation of evidence. They are important, as errors can occur if the user's model is incorrect or if the designer has a different model than the user. One way of minimizing problems is supporting conventions - another is to make the correct model explicit.
There are several ways to do this in C:
// nums to swap
int a = 5;
int b = 10;
// using a temporary variable - often the fastest method
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
// using addition (no additional storage needed)
a = a + b;
b = a - b;
a = a - b;
// using xor (no additional storage needed)
a = a^b;
b = a^b;
a = a^b;
// using only one line (no additional storage needed) // note, this appears to be a compiler-dependent way to swap variables
a = a + b - (b=a);
Different activities in the 6 phases in classical waterfall model?
1) Identify client requirements
2) Identify system requirements
3) Create an overall design
4) Create a detailed design
5) Develop product
6) Test product
What is prototype model in manual testing?
The Prototyping Model is a frameworks improvement technique (SDM) in which a model (an early guess of a last framework or item) is assembled, tried, and after that revised as vital until the point when a worthy model is at last accomplished from which the total framework or item would now be able to be created. This model works best in situations where not the majority of the undertaking prerequisites are known in detail early. It is an iterative, experimentation process that happens between the engineers and the clients.
How many bits would be needed to represent a 45 character set?
45 in binary is 101101, so you need at least 6 bits to represent 45 characters.
What is the difference between a persistent object and a transient object?
a persitent object is the one that is stored permanently on the disk......whereas a transient object is stored temporarily on the ram....
What is the Difference between physical DFD and logical DFD?
For a physical Data Flow Diagram you explore into the logical DFD. for example, if you have a data flow arrow declared as "customer information" now the physical DFD would include in that data flow arrow "customer information = customer_name + customer_address". something along these lines
Physical DFD shows how various functions are performed and who does them but Logical DFD strips away all physical constraints but does not restrict physical happenings from taking place.
