Welding and Cutting

Negative to Positive.

Weld decay is a form of intergranular corrosion that occurs in stainless steel welds when they are exposed to certain environments, particularly those with high temperatures. This corrosion can lead to degradation of the weld's mechanical properties and overall performance. To prevent weld decay, proper welding techniques and selection of appropriate filler materials are crucial.

A heavily oxidized weld deposit refers to a weld that has been exposed to oxygen during the welding process, leading to an excessive formation of oxides on the surface. This can weaken the weld's integrity and compromise its mechanical properties. It is important to avoid excessive oxidation during welding by using shielding gases or fluxes to protect the weld from oxygen.

You can use a welding curtain or shield to block the magnetic field generated during welding. Additionally, maintaining a safe distance from the welding area can help reduce exposure to the magnetic field. Using proper grounding techniques for the welding equipment and ensuring a well-ventilated workspace can also help minimize the effects of the magnetic field.

It causes too much oxidation, and it doesn't burn hot enough to weld with anyway. You can braze non-ferrous metals with it; some jewelers like it because you can hook up to the natural gas line coming into the building and go for it.

DCEP supplies about two-thirds of the heat at the end of the rod, which allows more digging action, or penetration, into the base metal. It's what you want to use for thick steel. For thin steel, direct current electrode negative (DCEN) is best.

Welding current is typically generated through a power source that converts electrical energy into a suitable form for welding. This can be done through mechanisms like transformers, rectifiers, or inverters, depending on the type of welding process being used. The current is then delivered to the welding arc, where it generates the heat necessary to melt and join the workpieces.

Gas welding involves using a flame produced by mixing oxygen and a fuel gas, such as acetylene, to generate heat for melting and joining metals. The basic principle is to heat the workpiece to its melting point while adding a filler material to create a weld pool that solidifies to form a joint. Gas welding is a versatile process commonly used in metal fabrication and repair work.

Exceeding the duty cycle of a welding machine can lead to overheating of its components, causing damage and potential failure. The duty cycle provides a guideline for optimal performance and cooling, ensuring safe and efficient operation of the machine.

A couple of things come immediately to mind. #1 would be too high an Amperage setting. #2 would be holding too long an arc length. Remember your four basics. Correct amperage, Correct arc length, Correct travel speed, Correct electrode angle. Alternating Current AC can also produce this effect.

You answered your own question. Oxygen and Acetylene. Other mixes are now used in place of Acetylene so the process is now called Oxy-Fuel.

Incomplete fusion or poor penetration in welding can be caused by inadequate heat input, improper welding technique, improper preparation of the joint surfaces, insufficient welding current, incorrect welding speed, or using the wrong welding process for the specific material being welded.

Acetylene (C2H2) produces the hottest flame when burned in oxygen. It is primarily used as a fuel gas for welding and cutting metal due to its high flame temperature.

Friction stir welding also known as FSW means that the metal is not melted during the process of joining. This is a solid-state process in which you use a third "body" tool to join two surfaces. Between the tool and material a lot of heat is created which results in a soft region in the metal close to the FSW tool. Friction welding or FRW is also a solid-state welding process whereby heat is generated through friction between a moving tool and the component being worked on. A so-called lateral force "upsets" the materials being joined in such a way as they are fused. No melt occurs during the process, friction welding is therefore not really a welding process in the sense of electrode or gas welding. It is a technique for forging metals together. Friction welding is commonly used with special metals in the aviation and the automotive industries.

Penetration refers to the act of entering or piercing through something. It can involve physical penetration, such as breaking through a barrier or entering a physical space, or metaphorical penetration, such as understanding a complex concept deeply.

Argon is used as a shielding gas in welding because it is inert, meaning it does not react with the molten metal during the welding process. This helps to protect the weld pool from contamination by oxygen and nitrogen in the air, which can lead to defects in the weld. Argon also provides good arc stability and coverage, resulting in a clean and strong weld.

Some common natural gases used for welding include acetylene, propane, and natural gas (methane). Each gas has specific applications and properties that make them suitable for different welding processes. It is important to use the appropriate gas for the specific welding task to ensure optimal results and safety.

The gases commonly used in welding are oxygen, acetylene, argon, and carbon dioxide. These gases play different roles in the welding process, such as providing heat, shielding the weld from atmospheric contamination, and facilitating the arc.

Depends on what you think of as normal welding. Gas welding use oxygen-acetylene.

MIG/TIG use Argon. MAG, use an argon-something mix. Depending on what materials you are welding, there are some more options tha might be used.

To gas weld, you'll need a gas welding torch that mixes fuel gas with oxygen to create a flame. The workpiece is heated with the flame until it reaches the melting point, and a filler rod is added to create a bond between the two pieces. Practice and proper safety equipment are essential for successful gas welding.

The type of gas commonly used in an arc lamp is typically a noble gas such as xenon or mercury vapor. These gases are chosen for their ability to produce a bright and steady light when an electric current is passed through them in the lamp.

Co2 is a combination of Carbon and Oxygen and is Inert meaning dead. It does not react with metals as pure Oxygen and other gasses do does. Argon, Helium, etc. are Noble gasses meaning they are dead. Inert gasses surrounding the puddle prevent Oxygen and other reactive gasses from attacking the molten puddle and changing the results. For example Oxygen attacks Iron creating Rust. Oxygen attacks Iron at normal temperatures but reacts violently and rapidly when it is molten. As an experiment, remove the coating from an electrode and try running a weld bead. The coating produces a smoke to prevent Oxygen from entering the molten metal.

can use argon with almost any material

steel is sometimes CO2 or CO2 90% Ar 10%

Carbon doesnt ruin steel can actually strengthen it

Al and CO2 is a disaster

Al will burn in CO2

Ar is more expensive

Helium takes less heat from the weld and makes a better weld but is a LOT more expensive

Plastic welding is typically done using techniques such as hot gas welding, friction welding, or ultrasonic welding. These methods involve heating the plastic material to a melting point and then bonding the pieces together to create a strong weld. It is important to use the proper technique and equipment for the specific type of plastic being welded to ensure a successful bond.

Sugaring in a weld refers to the formation of a crystalline structure on the surface of the weld in stainless steel due to overheating during the welding process. This sugaring can make the weld more susceptible to corrosion and reduce its overall strength. It is important to avoid sugaring by using proper welding techniques and protecting the weld from excessive heat.