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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
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Does glutathione help a person with multiple food intolerance and food allergies?
Multiple food intolerance and food allergies are complicated issues.
Let's take food intolerance, for example. Many people cannot tolerate wheat, gluten or dairy for various reasons. Much would depend on why the person is intolerant- has it always been that way, or did something change in their system to make the body's response to the food change? Is there a need for food enzymes or probiotic supplements? These are questions for your doctor for your specific food intolerance.
A true food allergy, however is different. It is more severe than an intolerance, and may be seen through an anaphylactic response, like hives or extreme swelling. An allergy is an immune response. It is the result of your immune system mistaking something good for something bad, and it attempts to destroy it.
Food allergies cause inflammation and this occurs because of imbalances in the gut, which is like our secondary immune system. On this subject, I highly recommend Chapter 9 entitled "Fix your Digestion" in Dr. Mark Hyman's book "The UltraMind Solution." He is a practitioner of Functional Medicine and can help in this area.
One of the functions of glutathione is it is an immune system balancer or optimizer. If your immune system is overactive, or you have a true food allergy, glutathione can re-balance your immune system to overcome the allergic response.
A food intolerance should be addressed through a digestive specialist. You may need additional supplements or may need to avoid the sensitive food altogether.
Which substance -glucose or NaCl will diffuse faster?
Glucose is absorbed much faster than sodium chloride. In the presence of glucose salts are absorbed very fast is called the greatest medical discovery of last century. Over one million children die each year of diarrhea and 99 % of the deaths could be prevented by the use of giving electrolytes with glucose and on that basis first oral re hydration formula was designed in late seventies. Witch has saved more lives than any other thing and this O.R.S. is very economical, can be administered at home and only half hour training is required to teach tenth standard pass or failed student.
How can vitamin C function as an antioxidant?
Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant by reducing the concentration of oxygen. This is possible as it is a reducing agent.
What does trna uses to match to the mrna?
tRNA contains an anticodon which is a sequence of three nitrogen bases that is complimentary to a particular mRNA codon.
Oxygen promotes the darkening of fruit by initiating a chemical reaction that produces compounds called melanins. Vitamin C can slow down the rate of discoloration by acting as an antioxidant, which helps to prevent the oxidation of certain compounds in the fruit that lead to darkening.
Why you use the term sigma and pi in chemical bonding?
Sigma and pi refer to the symmetries of the chemical bonds. The symmetry is the "same" as an s orbital.
A sigma bond runs down the "axis" the orbitals that form it are two s orbitals or two axial p orbitals (usually called pz) or a pz and an s.
The pi bond has the same symmetry as the p orbitals - a positive lobe and a negative lobe.
Sorry about the explanation- its difficult to explain without getting into group theory.
To centrifuge a red tube you will have to run the blood through and then put it back into the body. The red tube is used to collect plasma.
What is it when excited electrons are passed along the electron transport chain?
Energy in sunlight transformed to chemical energy
Process of PhotosynthesisThere are two processes of photosynthesis that a plant utilizes to obtain energy from light. One is the Light Dependent Reaction and the other is the Light Independent Reaction. The equation that can be used to summarize the reaction is6CO2+6H2O C6H12O6+6O2.
The first process, the Light Dependent Reaction involves light entering the thylakoid membrane. The Thylakoid Membrane, which is contained inside the Chloroplast, contains the pigments needed to absorb light. Inside the membrane the water splitting enzyme splits H2O into O2 and a Hydrogen ion (H+, e-). When the light strikes the pigments (Chlorophyll, Arytenoids, Phycobilins) inside the thylakoid, the electrons from the Hydrogen ion become excited. These electrons are then carried by the Electron Transport Chain to activate the Carrier Proteins. These Carrier Proteins transport Hydrogen molecules to the Stroma. From here the Hydrogen molecules are used in two different ways, the formation of ATP and NADPH. The first way, the formation of ATP occurs as the result of the Hydrogen ions becoming hypertonic inside the thylakoid, these ions are diffused out through the thylakoid membrane. After diffusion these Hydrogen ions combine with ADP and a phosphate group to produce ATP. The second way, the formation of NADPH, occurs as the molecule NADP binds with a Hydrogen ion to produce NADPH.
The second process, the Light Independent Reaction (The Calvin Cycle) occurs outside of the Thylakoid in the Stroma as 3 CO2molecules splits into 6 3-Carbon based Compounds. These 3-Carbon molecules, with the assistance of 6ATP and 6NADPH are then converted into 6 3-Carbon sugars. Because the ATP and the NADPH expended all of their accumulated energy, they are converted back into 6ADP and 6NADP, respectively. From here one 3-Carbon sugar such as C6H12O6 is released for the organism to use as energy. The remaining 5 3-Carbon sugars are used to rebuild the original 5- Carbon compound that began the cycle. Three of these cycles are needed to produce a polysaccharide such as Glucose.
What are the two main types of lactic acid fermentation?
These two are aerobic with Oxygen and anaerobic without Oxygen.
Aerobic metabolism of lactate is proceeded in the presence of O2.
Aerobic metabolism of lactate is incapacitated in the absence of O2, and the resulting anaerobic metabolism of lactate yields Lactic Acid which provides Muscle Burn.
What absorbes any light passing through the retina?
Four kinds of light-sensitive receptors are found in the retina:
- rods
- three kinds of cones, each "tuned" to absorb light from a portion of the spectrum of visible light
- cones that absorb long-wavelength light (red)
- cones that absorb middle-wavelength light (green)
- cones that absorb short-wavelength light (blue)
Each type of receptor has its own special pigment for absorbing light. Each consists of:
- a transmembrane protein called opsin coupled to
- the prosthetic group retinal. Retinal is a derivative of vitamin A (which explains why night blindness is one sign of vitamin A deficiency) and is used by all four types of receptors.
The amino acid sequence of each of the four types of opsin are similar, but the differences account for their differences in absorption spectrum. The retina also contains a complex array of interneurons:
- bipolar cells and ganglion cells that together form a path from the rods and cones to the brain
- a complex array of other interneurons that form synapses with the bipolar and ganglion cells and modify their activity.
Ganglion cells are always active. Even in the dark they generate trains of action potentials and conduct them back to the brain along the optic nerve. Vision is based on the modulation of these nerve impulses. There is not the direct relationship between visual stimulus and an action potential that is found in the senses of hearing, taste, and smell. In fact, action potentials are not even generated in the rods and cones.
There are four Fat soluble Vitamins in body. Vitamins A, D, E, and K. Vitamin A is found in animal liver and colored fruits. Green leafy vegetables contains Pro-vitamin A. That is Beta-carotin, a powerful anti-oxidant. Which is converted into 2 molecules of Vitamin A in body. Vitamin A and D are found only in liver of some fishes like Cod liver oil and very little quantity is present in animal food and it must be fortified in food by government. Almost every body, who wares clothes and do not get morning and afternoon sun bath have 'sub-clinical' Vitamin D deficiency. Except the people having certain fishes in there diet. Vitamin E is present in 8 forms and present in germinating seeds in ample and in various nuts. Vitamin C is water soluble Vitamin. It is present in allCitrusfruits. Folic acid is present in all green leafy vegetables. And Vitamin B 12 orCynocobalamineis present as 'Extrinsicfactor' in animal liver and absorbed only if 'Intrinsicfactor' is present in stomach. It is absent invegetablefood. So 'vegans' can have them in dairy products.
i dont really know
In fact, I don't believe there are vitamins that make you taller, but there are STEROIDS, which make you grow larger. So growing larger might cause you to shoot up in height, and although steroids work, you defintely should not use them. You can't "become taller." You just have to wait...and well, grow up.
What is a single subunit in biochemistry?
In Protein biochemistry some proteins are made of more than one unit of the same molecule (or similar molecules) - i.e. Actin and Myosin (muscle proteins). It is said that their tertiary structure is the individual subunit, however they also have a quaternary strucure which is the structure formed when many subunits link up. A single subunit in this case is then a protein that has formed its final, folded tertiary structure but which is not part of a larger strcuture.
Is vitamin B1 essential for the synthesis of thiamine pyrophosphate?
Yes, vitamin B1 is essential for its synthesis.
Does the imagination mature at the same speed as the mind?
Yes. The human brain is magic. In the human brain, one neuron is attached to many other neurons, ranging from a few hundred to about 2,000,000 neurons. To round up take the figure 1,000,000. So now you multiply 1,000,000*1,000,000*1,000,000, and do so a hundred billion times. Now try to write this figure, without the help of logarithm, by your super computer and see what comes in hand. The nerve impulses passes through the same nerve fibers via various length of branches of nerve connecting and reconnecting to each other. It means same nerve impulse may travel through the same nerve at at different time. So if you see, hear or smell, that impulse may pass through almost all neurons. And large number of imputes are processed at a same time in same tab, as against computer. (There are hundred billion neurons in brain.) Through them electric current flows and it is so complicated that, how it flows, 'GOD' alone knows. Second thing, that number of times it flows in your lifetime
would require another calculation. Through these extremely complicated movement of current that you get the intellectual functions like thinking, reasoning, memory and imagination. In addition you get the what you called emotional response. Like love, compassion, care, feeling of brotherhood, sacrifice, anger, hate-rate,
fear, insecurity, craving for air (try to stop breathing for 3 minutes and you know that 'you' are not breathing as you think, and 'Nature' is forcing you into it) water, food, sleep, sex, desired for being loved, selfishness etc.
When Google or Wikipedia
gives you information at finger tip. Then wild imagination becomes nano,
pico
or femto
part of it. It not called maturity. It is called knowledge of your ignorance. "I know one thing that I know nothing." -Socrates. Incidentally you are using silicon and germanium in your electronics and 'Nature' is has been using carbon. All of them have 4 electrons in there outer orbit. And your super computer does not think or imagine or have emotions !
The first four elements are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.
They form water, proteins, enzymes, etc.
Why do the more complex sugar disacharides store more molecules than monosacharides?
Never mind, Disaccharides have more chemical bonds.
How much weight do you gain when taking steroids?
Weight gain on steroids can vary depending on the individual and the type of steroid being used. Water retention and increased muscle mass are common effects of steroid use, which can lead to weight gain. In some cases, significant weight gain may occur due to increased appetite and changes in metabolism.
What are the functional group of apple fruit?
The main functional group present in an apple fruit is the hydroxyl group (-OH), which can be found in compounds such as sugars (e.g. glucose, fructose) and organic acids (e.g. malic acid). Additionally, apples may also contain other functional groups such as esters (e.g. ethyl acetate) and aldehydes (e.g. hexanal), contributing to their flavor and aroma.
How long does gingivitis last?
Gingivitis can last a few days to a few weeks if left untreated. It is reversible with proper oral hygiene, such as brushing, flossing, and regular dental cleanings. If symptoms persist, it is important to see a dentist for further evaluation and treatment.
