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Computer Programming
A category for questions about computer programming and programming languages.
10,506 Questions
Where can i update knowledge Any website?
You can update your knowledge on any website by learning any of the programming languages.
What is the purpose of SQLPLUS?
SQLPLUS, also written as SQL+ or SQL*Plus and pronounced "sequel plus" is a type of non-compiled (scripted) computer language that is used to write programs for accessing relational databases. The SQL acronym stands for "Simple Query Language" or "Structured Query Language" depending on who you ask. The original language developed by IBM was called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language) but later changed to SQL due to the name SEQUEL being the trademark of another company. SQL+ is a variant of the original language developed by Oracle Corporation.
GCC is the GNU Compiler Collection (Originally GNU C Compiler) See the related link.
It is a collection of "compiler software", that is used to convert human readable source code into binary programs the computer can actually understand and run. it supports several programming languages like C, C++, Java, FORTRAN, etc.
Is c language a secure programming language?
Today's C (C11) is more robust and offers new features, and is less likely to "trust the programmer" than older drafts, but it still allows inherently insecure actions. Other languages that are derivatives of C (such as C# or C++) are more secure. For example, C# is staticallyanalyzable-- the Common Language Runtime that underpins this and other .Net languages can assert that the program will not crash, handle memory references incorrectly, or otherwise perform in a way that could cause system instability. Even then, however, a programmer may mark code as "unsafe", which disables static analysis and requires the user to accept the risks of running the application.
How many bytes are in a txt file comoposed of 3 blank lines?
This depends on operating system.
Windows uses two bytes per line, and most other operating systems use one.
This means there will be 6 bytes for Windows, or 3 bytes for everything else
This is because Windows uses a line ending of <CR><LF>, while other operating systems use just <LF>.
What are the short term objective of marketing trainee?
the objective of the marketing. it is satisfied of the consumer.that time the marketing earn profit.it is importance in the marketing. but all marketing first objective improve customer that same time earn profit so, all marketing carefully move all step because may any step mistake that mistake for other marketing benefit therefore,in marketing each move carefully.it is also marketing objective.
There is a free Software called Protégé that is quite powerfull in helping to create Onthologies. Check out the related Links further down on this Page.
Given an integer k write a procedure which deletes the kth element from a linked list?
this question is from the subject data structure and i need answer of this. data structure is the subject ot 3rd semester of bachelor's degree
What is the difference between nonadaptive and adaptive routing algorithms?
- Adaptive Routing Algorithm: These algorithms change their routing decisions to reflect changes in the topology and in traffic as well. These get their routing information from adjacent routers or from all routers. The optimization parameters are the distance, number of hops and estimated transit time. This can be further classified as follows:
- Centralized: In this type some central node in the network gets entire information about the network topology, about the traffic and about other nodes. This then transmits this information to the respective routers. The advantage of this is that only one node is required to keep the information. The disadvantage is that if the central node goes down the entire network is down, i.e. single point of failure.
- Isolated: In this method the node decides the routing without seeking information from other nodes. The sending node does not know about the status of a particular link. The disadvantage is that the packet may be send through a congested route resulting in a delay. Some examples of this type of algorithm for routing are:
- Hot Potato: When a packet comes to a node, it tries to get rid of it as fast as it can, by putting it on the shortest output queue without regard to where that link leads. A variation of this algorithm is to combine static routing with the hot potato algorithm. When a packet arrives, the routing algorithm takes into account both the static weights of the links and the queue lengths.
- Backward Learning: In this method the routing tables at each node gets modified by information from the incoming packets. One way to implement backward learning is to include the identity of the source node in each packet, together with a hop counter that is incremented on each hop. When a node receives a packet in a particular line, it notes down the number of hops it has taken to reach it from the source node. If the previous value of hop count stored in the node is better than the current one then nothing is done but if the current value is better then the value is updated for future use. The problem with this is that when the best route goes down then it cannot recall the second best route to a particular node. Hence all the nodes have to forget the stored informations periodically and start all over again.
- Flooding: Flooding adapts the technique in which every incoming packet is sent on every outgoing line except the one on which it arrived. One problem with this method is that packets may go in a loop. As a result of this a node may receive several copies of a particular packet which is undesirable. Some techniques adapted to overcome these problems are as follows:
- Sequence Numbers: Every packet is given a sequence number. When a node receives the packet it sees its source address and sequence number. If the node finds that it has sent the same packet earlier then it will not transmit the packet and will just discard it.
- Hop Count: Every packet has a hop count associated with it. This is decremented(or incremented) by one by each node which sees it. When the hop count becomes zero(or a maximum possible value) the packet is dropped.
- Spanning Tree: The packet is sent only on those links that lead to the destination by constructing a spanning tree routed at the source. This avoids loops in transmission but is possible only when all the intermediate nodes have knowledge of the network topology.
Flooding is not practical for general kinds of applications. But in cases where high degree of robustness is desired such as in military applications, flooding is of great help.
- Random Walk: In this method a packet is sent by the node to one of its neighbours randomly. This algorithm is highly robust. When the network is highly interconnected, this algorithm has the property of making excellent use of alternative routes. It is usually implemented by sending the packet onto the least queued link.
Why is a router regarded as a computer?
Because it shares the key attributes of a computer. We just don't think about many things as "computers" because they aren't like traditional Personal Computers (PCs) or similar general purpose machines. The attributes a router shares with a computer depend on your viewpoint.
From a Networking point of view:
Computer networks don't really care that much about the function of the devices connected to it, that's not their job. A router has a MAC address and has (or is assigned, from another router) an IP address, just like the computers on the network. For all intents an purposes, it is just another computer.
From a Hardware point of view:
A router contains a processor and runs an operating system (firmware). It is programmable (usually). Input/Output (I/O) can be performed. These are the main attributes of what we call a "computer". A router is a computer, just one with a limited intended purpose.
From a layperson point of view:
You can't play solitaire or minesweeper on it. It is not a computer.
What is binary in R programming?
Binary in R is the same as binary in any other programming language. The language doesn't actually change the meaning of binary any more than it can change the meaning of decimal, octal or hexadecimal. These are all symbolic representations (notations) for digital information. When we see the symbol 42 we instantly recognise it as the value forty-two because we automatically assume numeric symbols are always written in decimal notation. However, the computer represents the value forty-two as 00101010, which is the binary equivalent.
In order to present the decimal value to the user, the computer must convert the value 00101010 to the string "42". This is achieved through binary division by ten (00001010 in binary) and taking the remainder:
00101010 / 00001010 = 00000100 r 00000010
00000100 / 00001010 = 00000000 r 00000100
The remainders are decimal 2 and 4 respectively. Now we convert each of these digits to their equivalent ASCII character code by adding 48 (binary 110000), which is the ASCII code for character '0':
00000010 + 00110000 = 00110010
00000100 + 00110000 = 00110100
We output these two ASCII character codes in reverse order, so we now have {00110100, 00110010} which is {52, 50} in decimal. ASCII character code 52 yields '4' while ASCII character code 50 yields '2', which gives us the complete string, "42", which can now be presented to the user.
Converting the other way takes the user-input string "42" and stores the value 00101010:
First, subtract character code '0' (48 decimal) from each character:
00110010 - 00110000 = 00000010 (50 - 48 = 2)
00110100 - 00110000 = 00000100 (52 - 48 = 4)
Multiply each digit by increasing powers of 10:
00000010 * 00000001 = 00000010 (2 * 10^0 = 2) 00000100 * 00001010 = 00101000 (4 * 10^1 = 40)
Finally, sum the products:
00000010 + 00101000 = 00101010 (2 + 40 = 42)
If we wish to see the binary representation of an integer, R provides the Int2Bin function:
>intToBin(42, 8)
[1] "00101010"
Here we've requested the binary equivalent of the decimal value 42 in 8-bit binary which, as we've already established, outputs the binary value 00101010.
Can you access in drive class from base class private data?
Base class should no knowledge about derived classes.
The "private" modifier on a data member means private to the class which defined it. Base class cannot directly reference/access the private data member of the derived class, and the derived classes cannot access the private data member defined in the base class.
Either way the accessing the private data member should be done via properties or getters
Place your text inside a paragraph tag.
<p>HTML are advancing mobility in the 21st century</p>
(Notice I made "are" in proper case. We'll fix this with styles.)
Add a tag around the word "are" so the its set off from the rest of the paragraph. A good tag choice would be STRONG.
<p>HTML <strong>are</strong> advancing mobility in the 21st century</p>
Now, inside your stylesheet, add a definition for the strong tag that looks like this:
strong {}
Adding the proper properties, in order these are color, weight (boldness) and "transform."
strong{
color: red;
font-weight: bold;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
Has anyone sat cie 9713 as-level applied ict practical paper 2 exam?
Yes I did! It was extremely easy!! Dont worry u'll do good!! xD
What does Sneakernet refer to?
Back in the 'old days' a Sneaker Net referred to transferring files from computer to computer using floppy disks. You had to put your running shoes on! Many years ago myself and a partner created a program and we would execute it on about twenty machines once a week to match up the data on all the PCs so that it was identical. It took about 8 hours and required at least two visits to every machine.
What does pop stand for in computers?
In email, a local e-mail client can use the Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3), an application-layer Internet standard protocol, to retrieve e-mail from a remote or local server over a TCP/IP connection. With POP3, a user id and password is sent to the server and the server than responds to email message requests. Using POP3, emails are downloaded and stored on the computer with the email client. The retrieved emails are optionally deleted or retained on the server for possible retrieval from other computers. Alternative protocols for accessing email from mail servers is IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) that does not download emails for storage on your computer, and MAPI (Messaging Application Programming Interface).
There are many email client programs that can use POP3 including Thunderbird, Outlook, Evolution, Eudora, Opera Mail and Windows mail.
In programming, POP refers to an activity performed on a stack. A stack is a data structure that can hold multiple data items in such a way that only one item is accessible at a time and that item will be the latest one added to the stack. Once the latest one is removed, the item put into the stack before it can be accessed and removed. The action of putting (pushing) an item onto the stack is commonly called "push" and the action of removing (popping) an item from the stack is called "pop". The first item put to a stack will always be the last one removed.
A stack is also called a push down stack, or a LIFO (for Last In First Out) structure.
What is CMMi level 5 certification?
What are the CMMI,ISO9001:200 and SIX SIGMA? what are the uses with these?
Quite simply, it is the testing of a program. You want to make sure that every possible use of your program has been tried and verified to work as expected.
Difference Main functions and user defined functions?
main function in C programming language and almost in every other main language is the main function that launched after the program starts. It takes two arguments, pointer to the first element of a pointers array (arguments) and number of arguments.
If you would write your own functions and link by telling the entry point to your program you would not be able to get arguments any more. There are some code running before actually main function is launched. That code prepares the argument data for main function.
But it is possible to change main function to your defined function, but that would require more knowledge of how linker (ld) and for example objcopy utility works.
Note: There might be a difference in GNU and Microsoft C/C++ versions.
How is the two's complement representation used?
The "twos complement" is that marvelous manipulation of bits in computer binary code that allows the computer to subtact by adding. It would be difficult to explain the whole picture, but computers can really do nothing but add. So the natural question is, how do they then calculate differences? Two's complement is the answer.
How do you program fta captive works cw-600s premium with a loptop?
CaptiveWorks CW600s Manual Key Entry for when Autoroll is not working.
Step 1: Turn Off AUTOROLL
Go to Menu.
Go To System Setting.
Go To OSD.
Go down to Auto Roll option and turn it to OFF.
Step 2: Manual Key Entry
Go to Menu.
Go To Accessories.
Go down to Key Menu.
Press Left Arrow Once to show "NAGRA2" on top of screen.
Bev:
Go down to 00 09 01 section 80 is Key 00.
Press Green Button. Enter new Key 00 there.
Go down to 00 09 01 section 90 is Key 01.
Press Green Button. Enter new Key 01 there.
Dish:
Go down to 00 01 01 section 80 is Key 00.
Press Green Button. Enter Key 00 there.
Go down to 00 01 01 section 90 is Key 01.
Press Green Button. Enter Key 01 there. More info at http://www.ftaprofessionals.tv
