Discrimination

• De jure means "by law" and de facto means "as a matter of fact." So De jure segregation is segregation required by law (such as a school being segregated because there is a law requiring it), whereas de facto segregation is more just by chance (such as settlement patterns in a city leading to segregated schools).

• De facto segregation is segregation by fact or circumstance. Very often this is not a conscious choice. A good example is found in neighborhoods, frequently there is a white neighborhood or a black neighborhood, this concentration can lead to schools that are predominately one race. (Xe facto is latin for by fact.)

• "De facto" means the person who is serving in that position, or as "in fact"; whereas "de jure" means the person who is legally entitled to perform that function, or "by law," and has the right to perform a function or hold an office. It is important to note that hundreds of years ago, women did not have certain rights, and their husbands would perform the functions for them, although there are other latin terms for that.

The reason being is because some people felt superior, entitled, better, and more deserving of any good than others who were a different color than them. When it comes to personality, they can vary amongst individuals greatly along with interests in the world, so color of skin seem to be the easiest thing to group people off and get them on your side when trying to accomplish something better for yourself through conquering, domination, oppression, etc.

Another Answer:

I believe that racism has it's roots in our ancient tribal ancestors. At a time when humans lived in extended family groups or small tribes, survival depended on judging other humans that you didn't know. If those other humans were different than your family, your tribe, or the neighbors that you knew, it was very wise to doubt and suspect them. The thread of racism can be traced down through every previous civilization in some form. Today, we have more knowledge about other people and a better understanding for what to trust or not. But that's reason; racism is a reaction without reason. Many people today cling to prejudice and racism for the reasons stated in the first answer.

Price discrimination occurs when producers charges different prices to different people for reasons not related to cost. There are generally 3 types.

1st degree price discrimination - when you charge different prices to different individuals, depending on their willingness and ability to pay. This attempts to capture all the consumer surpluses. e.g. auction.

2nd degree price discrimination - where prices differs when individuals purchase good in different quantities. e.g. the increment in parking charges for the 2nd hour will be lower than the first.

3rd degree price discrimination - where prices are charged differently to different group of consumers, depending on the elasticity of demand. Generally the group that has an inelastic demand curve will face higher prices. e.g. bus fares for elderly vs children vs adults.

Answer 1

Most people do not hate Arabs, but there is a certainly a minority of Westerners who do. Arab hatred is much rarer in non-Western cultures (mostly because non-Westerners do not often have long-term interactions with Arabs). This answer discusses exclusively these negative opinions:

1) Islamic Terrorism: Americans remember well what happened on 9-11, when Osama bin Laden and the Al-Qaeda Terrorist Organization intentionally attacked and murdered over 3,000 American citizens. While Al-Qaeda was based in Afghanistan, bin Laden was himself a Saudi as were 15 of the 19 pilots. Rather than express regret for the loss of life and condemnation of the attacks, a sizable minority of Middle Eastern clerics remained neutral or claimed this as "a victory against the West". Additionally, surveys have shown that many Muslims (including Arabs) believe that 9-11 was a Western inside-job and do not take credit for the failures in their society that lead to this type of terrorism. As a result, Westerners are afraid of subsequent attacks from Arab individuals. In the European context, the Madrid Train Bombing on 3-11, the London Train Bombings on 7-7, the murder of Theo van Gogh in the Netherlands, and numerous smaller terrorist attacks were also perpetrated by Arab Islamic Terrorists in European countries. This makes the Europeans fearful about further and more common attacks.

2) Arab Anti-American Protests: Nowhere in the world is more famous for US and European flag-burning than the Arab World. The US is often condemned for its actions in the Middle East and its symbols and ideals mocked and cajoled. For those with a sense of patriotism and pride, these acts engender rage towards those who perform them. Since this is more common in the Arab World than elsewhere, more animosity is directed towards Arabs. It is worth noting that such protests may be entirely meritorious due to US policies in the Middle East, but since most Americans are unfamiliar with their policies there, they only see this negative reaction. In the European context, events such as the Jyllands-Posten Cartoon scandal led to Danish embassies being attacked and people dying over a moderately insulting cartoon (some of which was even fabricated by Danish Imams who were angry that more Danish Muslims were not enraged). Europeans have fought numerous wars to protect their freedoms of religion and speech, which Arabs seem to little regard for.

3) Arab Anti-Israeli Sentiment: Many Americans fervently support the State of Israel as an expression of their Christian or Jewish faith. The Arab antagonism towards the State of Israel alienates them and infuriates them. They have no opposition to the Arab States existing, so why should the Arab States have any opposition to the Jewish State existing? Similarly, in Europe, this is also morphing into general Anti-Semitism. Jews are now fleeing the Swedish city of Malmö because of Arab riots there. In France, Ilan Halimi was brutally tortured and killed by Muslims for the "crime" of being a Jew in Frane.

4) Rampant Human Rights Abuses: The Arab World is known numerous human rights abuses, such as torture for prisoners, attacks and unequal legislation against women, the execution of homosexuals, violence towards religious minorities, and other similar offenses. Instead of taking responsibility for these crimes, many Arabs prefer to claim that there are no problems and continue to engage in these activities. Westerners, especially Europeans, often see themselves as the defenders of justice and righteousness and see the Arabs falling far too short in this regard.

5) Failure to Culturally Adjust: Especially in Europe, Arabs have failed to properly integrate into the European population, bringing their customs and traditions with them. There is the expectation in the USA and Europe that you come to the country and become a normal citizen of that country. You can be a citizen with some divergent culture, but it should not be your expectation that society will change to accommodate you. Americans and Europeans see the Arabs in Europe as not making those kind of concessions and expecting Europeans to incorporate Shari'a Law into proper governance. Not wanting this type of climate, they oppose Arabs.

6) Misconceptions about Islam: A lot of Westerners know very little about Islam and have heard conflicting information from different sources. Rather than be open to people of different faiths, these people would rather close themselves off and stick to historical enmities.

Answer 2

People from the Middle East have always been thought of as strange and foreign by Western culture simply for holding a different set of beliefs. It stands to reason, though, that those feelings held by Westerners towards Arabs were intensified after the September 11 terrorist attacks. It was an example of a few extremists ruining it for everyone.

In short, people - as a whole - are ignorant until you prove them wrong. If someone is prejudiced towards you, get to know them. Show them that you are worth as much as anyone else.

Not everyone does hate Arabs.

In fact, it's true... he persecuted Christians... but the term "christian" is used to generally. He persecuted those people who didn't support him and his ideas... i.e. those christians who explained they wouldn't support him, because this would interfere with their religion (like Jehovah's witnesses, etc.)

At least 3,000 Catholic priests, deacons, and bishops were imprisoned at Dachau concentration camp. 1,034 priests died there. Other clergymen at Dachau included 109 Protestant ministers, 22 Greek Orthodox, and 2 Muslims.

Hitler closed religious schools, shut down Christian organizations, ordered the murder of priests, not to mention the German leader of Catholic Action. He had Christian civil servants fired, he confiscated church property, censored religious newspapers. as well as sending thousands of priests, nuns, and laypeople to die in extermination camps.

Hitler saw the church as the most dangerous impediment to his power in Germany, and as his biographers have noted, spent much time trying to pressure the church into silence.

When Dutch bishops spoke out publicly, Hitler had 40,000 people arrested, but the church increased its efforts to save Jews by issuing forged documents to protect them. The state of Israel says the Catholic church saved 800,000 Jews: more than any other country or organization.