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Local Area Network

Questions concerning the setting up, troubleshooting and operation of wired LANs used by businesses and other organizations

4,003 Questions

Implementing Distance-vector routing protocol?

First you must decide what specific protocol you want to use. Then you configure it on the individual routers. Example, with Cisco routers: Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0. Router(config-router)#exit Additional commands may be required for optimization. Note: I use RIP for illustration purposes, but it is usually not the best option for routing.

First you must decide what specific protocol you want to use. Then you configure it on the individual routers. Example, with Cisco routers: Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0. Router(config-router)#exit Additional commands may be required for optimization. Note: I use RIP for illustration purposes, but it is usually not the best option for routing.

First you must decide what specific protocol you want to use. Then you configure it on the individual routers. Example, with Cisco routers: Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0. Router(config-router)#exit Additional commands may be required for optimization. Note: I use RIP for illustration purposes, but it is usually not the best option for routing.

First you must decide what specific protocol you want to use. Then you configure it on the individual routers. Example, with Cisco routers: Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0. Router(config-router)#exit Additional commands may be required for optimization. Note: I use RIP for illustration purposes, but it is usually not the best option for routing.

Many network hubs incorporate repeaters or amplifiers to regenerate signals so that attenuation of the signal does not occur?

As a rule a hub does not contain a repeater. Amplifiers would be used in analog communication, not digital communication.

Attenuation is a process that occurs all the time in networks; you would place a repeater in an area where the attenuation would cause the signal to degrade to the point where it wouldn't be usable. You would want the repeater to be placed before that point.

What are Emerson class numbers?

Soil dispersion potential is the likelihood that soils will release a cloud of fine clay particles when brought into contact with water. These clay particles may remain suspended for an indefinite period of time, resulting in turbid, 'dirty' water, which can impact on plant and animal life in and around our waterways and in Moreton Bay. Scientific studies focussing upon the health of the Brisbane River and Moreton Bay have demonstrated that sedimentation of these particles is threatening seagrass meadows in the Bay, with corresponding impacts on Bay ecology and specific species such as dugong, green sea turtles and fisheries. Note that soil dispersion can occur without the influence of slope, mechanical action or run-off velocity, ie. in 'still water', so it is imperative that run-off from dispersive soils is retained and treated on-site wherever practicable (even on smaller sites), before release into the natural or constructed stormwater system. Soil dispersion potential is measured as the Emerson Class number (a simple semi-quantitative dispersion test), which considers soil consistency, depth, and in some cases established soil electro-chemical data. Note that weathered parent rock substrates can show dispersive tendencies also. Dispersive soils usually contain significant amounts of clay, with at least moderate levels of chemically exchangeable Sodium, if they are not buffered by salinity.

What are metropolitan area network features?

A MAN is a relatively new class of network, it serves a role similar to an ISP, but for corporate users with large LANs.They typically use wireless infrastructure or Optical fiber connections to link their sites.

1.The network size falls intermediate between LANs and WANs. A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 and 50 km diameter. Many MANs cover an area the size of a city, although in some cases MANs may be as small as a group of buildings or as large as the North of Scotland.

2.A MAN (like a WAN) is not generally owned by a single organisation. The MAN, its communications links and equipment are generally owned by either a consortium of users or by a single network provider who sells the service to the users. This level of service provided to each user must therefore be negotiated with the MAN operator, and some performance guarantees are normally specified.

3.A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow sharing of regional resources (similar to a large LAN). It is also frequently used to provide a shared connection to other networks using a link to a WAN.

What is single core armored cable?

Armored electrical cable contains insulated electrical service wires protected by a flexible steel covering. Unarmored electrical cable has no protective flexible steel covering, its covering is made of plastic.

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Armored cable (BX) is the older version of Metal Clad cable (MC). It was flexible steel covered wire that used the steel as it's Ground. BX was a poor grounding system so it was replaced with MC which looks similar but has a separate Grounding conductor. MC is most often made with aluminum as its cover.

Armored cable if used today will refer to MC type wiring.

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Some kinds of armored cable are in fact made to a tougher standard than the ordinary soft wire strand types of shielded cable that are used for hooking-up antennas. The 'armor' is actually a thin flexible metal film that better protects the wire or wires inside from damage in high use or high traffic areas. Such kinds of armored cable are also used in radio frequency assemblies in electronic equipment.

How can you connect between two switch without router?

connect it with a crossover cable connect both end to same type port either two gigabit port or two fast ehternet port

How do you check your ping on crossfire?

Press TAB in a game. The numbers to the right of your name are your PING. At the bottom is your FPS. If it is low, you will lag, but that's a different lag them if your ping is to high. If your FPS is to slow your computer is either not good enough for Crossfire, or you have to many programs open. If your ping is to high, theres nothing you can do about it.

What is ip 21?

If you are refering to port 21 (networking) then it is the port used by the FTP process (File Transfer Protocol).

The person may be referring to AspenTech ip.21 which is a process control historian. See related link.

When building a pergola what is the maximum distance between posts?

That is a factor of what you are building it out of and how big it is. There is no way of knowing without more information. Will it just be supporting itself or is it to be a trellis?

How do you create 5 COMPUTER network?

You need:

* 5 Computers * A at least 5 ports switch * 5 adequate long CAT5 cables to connect switch and computers Connect one end of every cable to the switch. And the other ends to computers.

Power up the switch.

Be sure all computers are in the same WORKGROUP.

What is the address of the NFL Network?

NFL Network

10950 Washington Blvd

Suite 100

Culver City, CA 90232

Ph: 310-840-4635

How do you connect a DVR to an IP camera and to a system?

You cannot connect a DVR directly to the camera. You have to use a computer connected to the camera. And Configure the camera in the way it saves all data on the computer hard drive. After that you will have to configure the computer to save the data to the DVR after certain period of time.

What are the benefits of the computer?

The benefits are easier research, better gaming, it's easier to communicate with, it makes business better, it makes it easier to shop,etc. The computer is a computing machine, it offers all benefits of a good well calibrated machine. A computer can repetitively compute without making mistakes (accuracy). A computer is not biased. A computer is quicker in doing assigned tasks since it takes help of Integrated Circuits (speed of electricity?) to process.

It is very important that a given problem is expressed in computer terminology first, exhaustively and accurately, to avail benefits of computers.

What does ping response mean in C?

To ping is to issue an ICMP Type 8 (ICMP Echo Request) to a host which according to RFC1122 it must reply to. (In reality this may be seen as a security risk.). The format of a successful response has type and code of 0. If you're operating down at this level you'll need to examine ICMP in more detail. If you have a sockets interface then you may just get a reply event. Sometimes people call these "pongs". ie Ping? Pong. Ping? Pong.

For how many degrees of an input sine wave does a class B amplifier conduct?

The actual answer is 360 degrees, that is, a class B amplifier will conduct for the entire 360 degrees of an input sine wave. However, the interesting part is how this is accomplished.

For a "pure" class B amplifier, each of the two output power devices will conduct for 180 degrees of the total 360 degrees of a complete sine wave. This is because in a class B amplifier, each of the output devices is biased so that it is off when the input signal is zero. When the input signal goes positive, one of the output devices will conduct. Assuming there is no overall phase inversion in the amplifier, this would be the "upper" device that is connected to the positive voltage rail. In a typical solid state audio power amplifier, this device is usually an NPN transistor or power MOSFET.

The "lower" device, typically connected to the negative voltage rail, will conduct when the input signal goes negative. This device will typically be a PNP transistor in a solid state amplifier, or a power MOSFET.

There are many possible configurations for class B amplifiers. For example, with vacuum tube amps, there is usually only a positive voltage supplied to the output stage, and the two output tubes are identical types. Instead of connecting the lower tube to a negative rail, it is usually connected to ground, but since we are interested in AC amplification, and also since an output transformer is required to couple tube output stages to low impedance loads such as loudspeakers, this doesn't present a problem. The output transformer will have a center tap where the positive output stage voltage is connected, and each of the output tubes will conduct in alternating fashion, similarly to the output of a solid state amp.

In fact, early solid state audio amps also used output transformers, and they typically also used two NPN transistors for output devices, in contrast to modern designs that use symmetrical matched pairs of NPN/PNP. At that time it was difficult to obtain high power matched pairs, whereas high power NPNs were relatively easy to obtain.

A variation that is often used to obtain more power is the doubling of output devices by operating them in parallel to obtain higher current gain. It is possible to see six, eight, or even more devices operating in this way, but it will almost always be in multiples of two.

Nevertheless, no matter what the variations, a class B amplifier will always conduct for 360 degrees of an input sine wave. There is an important qualification on this, however. A true class B amplifier is almost never seen, due to a problem called "crossover distortion." This occurs because any output device has a nonlinear region during turn-on from zero conduction. While the input signal is beginning to go positive, for example, the output device will not "follow" the input signal in a proportional manner. To overcome the distortion caused by this, most audio amps are operated in class AB, where each of the output devices is biased slightly on all the time. This technique virtually eliminates crossover distortion.

What is involved in the hosting of a large LAN party expecting 100 to 200 attendees and what resources are necessary?

you will need large numbers of swiches and CAT5 cable... an lots of time

Connect the swiches to each other in a token ring fasion (edit this to make sure you can read it correctly) switch >>>>> switch >>>> switch | | |<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<|

or if you are fortunate enough, use the special "uplink" caling system by the mfg. you can get monserous speed that way.

anyway...once done w/that, grab a couple of PC's and put them on furthest swiches and then try to play the game in mp mode... if the n/w is too slow, you will need to upgrade your equipment... (be sure to buy from a local retailer if you can so you can swap out quickly)

once done, load up your machines and let her rip!

What does TCP breaks data into?

Data transmitted over the Internet is broken into Packets when transmitted over the Internet or other network.

Can anyone explain flooding algorithm in networking in detail?

Algorithm:There are several variants of flooding algorithm. Most work roughly as follows:
  1. Each node acts as both a transmitter and a receiver.
  2. Each node tries to forward every message to every one of its neighbors except the source node.

This results in every message eventually being delivered to all reachable parts of the network.

Algorithms may need to be more complex than this, since, in some case, precautions have to be taken to avoid wasted duplicate deliveries and infinite loops, and to allow messages to eventually expire from the system. A variant of flooding called selective flooding partially addresses these issues by only sending packets to routers in the same direction. In selective flooding the routers don't send every incoming packet on every line but only on those lines which are going approximately in the right direction.

Advantages:

  • If a packet can be delivered, it will (probably multiple times).
  • Since flooding naturally utilizes every path through the network, it will also use the shortest path.
  • This algorithm is very simple to implement.

Problems

  • Flooding can be costly in terms of wasted bandwidth. While a message may only have one destination it has to be sent to every host. In the case of a ping flood or a denial of service attack, it can be harmful to the reliability of a Computer Network.
  • Messages can become duplicated in the network further increasing the load on the networks bandwidth as well as requiring an increase in processing complexity to disregard duplicate messages.
  • Messages can become duplicated in the network further increasing the load on the networks bandwidth as well as requiring an increase in processing complexity to disregard duplicate messages.

What is the purpose of a protocol analyzer?

The protocol analyzer has the capability to capture and decode data packets and allows the user to inspect the packet contents.

Why it is useful to have more than one possible path through a network for each pair of stations?

it is useful to have more than one possible path through a network for each pair of stations because to enhance reliability ,accuracy and secuirity , for this there is possible to enhance the speed.

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