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Reformation History
The history of The Reformation started when Western European Catholics opposed what they believed to be false doctrines and ecclesiastic malpractice within the Catholic Church. The movement’s famous leaders include Martin Luther and John Calvin.
1,691 Questions
What were four reform movements of the 1850s?
Examples of list reform movements are attempts to outlaw abortions and EPA pollution controls.equal pay (women and men), gun control and smoking bans are examples of list of modern reform movements.
When did henry v111 become the head of the church of england?
The Act of Supremacy made Henry VIII the head of England's church for the duration of his reign.
What was Martin Luthers Role in the Reformation?
The Protestant Reformation lasted from 1517 to 1648. During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church was an extremely powerful, unifying force of the people. As a result, the pope acted as the intermediary between men and God. As the Church gained more and more power, it began to use corrupt methods to earn money and control the mass. When the Church need to finance its large building projects for Renaissance artists, it sold indulgences. Indulgences were "tickets" that saved humans from going to the purgatory. Land owning nobles' wealth and power were being exploited as the Church grew. This set the stage confrontation of those called Protestants to the corrupt nature of the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther, a German monk, led this movement with a group of followers calling them Lutherans. Luther nailed a list of 95 Thesis on the church door, outlining his frustration with the current Church corruption. He declared that salvation was not granted by indulgences, but through grace.This revolutionary concept reduced the role of the Church as an exclusive intermediary. Luther's ideas spread widely, with the help of the printing press.
Lutherans began to separate themselves from the Catholic Church and developed a new theology asserting their own biblical interpretations. John Calvin led a strong Protestant group by preaching "predestination" stating that God had predetermined an ultimate destiny for all people, and only those who preached would be saved.
Baroque
How did the Protestant Reformation change the way people viewed religion and religious authority?
First, that religious authorities would be controlled by the state and not visa versa. Second, that the Church was not infallible in it teachings. Third, that only God could redeem people who had sinned, not priests or holy communion. Fourth, that Jesus was the saviour of mankind, not holy saints or the apostles.
Cause of the English reformation?
There were numerous reasons that that caused the Reformation: - Ongoing corruption on the part of some clergy and Church leaders (bishops, popes), in spite of several attempts by Church Councils to remedy the problems. - A desire by some to embrace a simpler form of religious worship and a more biblical style of church. - The desire by some Germanic rulers to enrich themselves by taking over the property of Catholic monasteries and convents. - The recent invention of the printing press greatly facilitated the spread of Martin Luther's ideas; although this did not cause the Reformation it may be argued that it is what gave the movement real power. For a fuller treatment see the related links:http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/reformation_overview_01.shtml (BBC) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation (Wikipedia)
Who led the protest reformation in Switzerland?
The disagreement between the Protestants and Catholics eventually led to civil war in Switzerland.
Which of these countries remained faithful to Roman Catholicism during the Reformation?
A number of countries remained primarily Catholic after the Protestant revolt - Ireland, France, Italy, Belgium, Spain, Austria, Poland, for example.
Oh it is very easy. All you have to do is to believe that Jesus died for your sins on the cross and also rose again.
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The Church if Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints...
"All people will be saved from physical death by the grace of God, through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Each individual can also be saved from spiritual death as well by the grace of God, through faith in Jesus Christ. This faith is manifested in a life of obedience to the laws and ordinances of the gospel and service to Christ."
How were heretics punished during the reformation?
The word is "excommunication" and can be overturned as in the case of the Lefebvrite bishops who were excommunicated by Pope John Paul II and reinstated into the fold of the Roman Catholic Church by Pope Benedict XVI even though they reject both the Vatican II Council and the pope's authority and one of them is a Holocaust denier.
How did Martin Luther challange the Catholic Church?
Most of Martin Luther's problems with the Catholic Church were personal. The Catholic Church, as the only authorized representative of Our Blessed Lord, Jesus Christ, has always preached honesty, integrity, abstinence, sobriety, and personal responsibility before the Lord. Catholics believe that Martin Luther disagree with all of these things. They say that being unable to live up to them, he attacked the Church in other ways. He re-translated the Bible throwing out seven books from the Old Testament and putting in words in the New Testament to make a "Bible" that agreed with his personal philosophy. In attacking the Church, he started by posting 95 Theses, a copy of which is attached below.
What practices of the Catholic Church led to the Reformation?
The Protestant Reformation was probably inevitable, with or without Martin Luther. His concern was the sale of indulgences, a practice which he at first tried to reform but eventually decided must be abolished.
Nepotism, immorality at all levels in the church hierarchy, excessive reservation of ecclesiastical appointments to the Roman Curia, intellectual and moral unfitness of many priests, the wealth of some of the monasteries and dissension in their ranks, and even the prevalence of superstition and ignorance among the laity were all practices that led to the Reformation.
What do you call when in medieval when they throw their waste out the window and onto the street?
Gross.
What was the connection between Luther and Calvin?
John Calvin was a French Portestant who believed what Luther said was right and tried to convince others to become protestants.
How did interest in ancient text lead to demand for church reformation?
The Protestant Reformation began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church, carried out by Western European Catholics who opposed what they perceived as false doctrines and ecclesiastic malpractice - especially the teaching and the sale of indulgences or the abuses thereof, and simony, the selling and buying of clerical offices - that the reformers saw as evidence of the systemic corruption of the Church's Roman hierarchy, which included the Pope. Both issues were dealt with in an altogether different manner by the Roman Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation.
What did The Protestant Reformation do?
The protestant reformation is the name of the religious reform movement that divided the Roman Catholic Church.
How did Martin Luther feel about the Catholic church?
He wanted to reform corrupt practices and question traditions that seemed without basis.
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Catholic AnswerM. Luther's thoughts about the Catholic Church are contained in the 95 Theses, an English translation of which I have attached below. As M. Luther was (supposedly) a priest, an Augustinian Friar, and a Theology professor, one could hope that what he thought about the beliefs of the Catholic Church were pretty much what is taught in the Catholic Church throughout history. However, as his "95 Theses" show, he was incredibly ignorant about basic teachings of the faith. Some of what he calls for is totally ludicrous as it is what the Church has always taught - they could come right out of a Theology book. Others are just off the wall. Admittedly, he was calling for refutation of what (he said) others were preaching, but even then, it just doesn't make a lot of sense. He should have known better. What he believed about the Church and what he came to believe about the Church many years later are two completely different things. In the beginning he was calling for a reform of indulgences, which was actually quite sensible giving the goings on back then of some people; however, later in life he completely denies indulgences, or even the power of the keys - something which he held firmly in his earlier years.His cause of posting the 95 theses was because of the selling of indulgences. Indulgences was a thing that would take you directly to heaven even though you did a bad thing.
Did this help:D
In the 16th century, radical Christians protested against the Roman Catholic Church about certain doctrines (that is why they are called Protestants. Two main leaders were Martin Luther, author of The 95 Theses, and John Calvin.
Martin Luther founded the Lutheran and Evangelistic churches.
John Calvin founded the Calvinist (Methodist, Presbyterian, & Episcopal) church.
Both men's churches make up the Mainline Protestant group. It is hard to say, though, who started it. It's really a matter of opinion.
How did the invention of the press fuel the ideas of the reformation and the scientific revolution?
The ideas of press always use to fuel the society and science. Before the invention of printing press, people were mostly unaware of what is going around them. Later, they realized the facts. Scientific revolution is boosted as everyone came to know the developments in it.
How did the Protestant Reformation weaken the Catholic Church?
Another Answer from our Community:
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There are several things which weakened the Church in the lives of people, it came mostly from the Renaissance thought and a new business mentality that people turned to from spirituality. This whole disaster would later result not only in the protestant revolt ("reformation" to protestants and seculars) but later in the 18th century, it would result in the "Enlightenment", the largest negative development on religion, philosophy, and life in general since the protestant revolt.
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This is a huge subject, I shall try to highlight some things that you can look for, but WikiAnswers is hardly the suitable place to fully answer such a question. First of all, I would suggest two books, both excellent, Diane Moczar's book, Ten Dates Every Catholic Should Know, and James Hitchcock's book, History of the Catholic Church From the Apostolic Age to the Third Millennium.
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There is much background material covered in both, especially concerning the "coldness" which had settled into society and religion for two centuries before the protestant catastrophe.
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It wasn't so much the conduct of the Church, although the conduct of individuals - from Popes to laity - certainly played a part in it. But it was a whole host of factors including several major famines, the Black Death (starting around 1350), the Avignon Papacy ( 1378 - 1417: The Great Schism when the Pope moved to Avignon, and no one knew who the real Pope was. For most of this period there were two claimants to the Papal throne, near the end of it, three. This threw Christendom into crisis with the end result of greatly weakening the Papacy and contributing to the protestant revolt a hundred years later. That and the rise of heresies including those of the Bohemia, John Hus, the heresy of Nominalism. And then there was the rise of Renaissance thought. Originally Renaissance thought saw the good in the Greek and Latin classics and tried to bring them into the Christian present. Thomas Aquinas has done a magnificent job of this earlier in the 13th century with Aristotle, on whom he based his classic Summa Theologiae which is still used to this day in teaching theology. But later Renaissance intellectuals had a whole different mind set and through their fascination with pagan ideas, they adopted the worldly outlook of their writers. Finally there was the rise of the business culture and the love of money - the root of all evil according to the Sacred Scriptures. The love of money and business became prevalent in this era wiping out the great Age of Faith that had just ended.).
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Then the heresy of Conciliarism (following the Great Schism, Council of Pisa 1409 (which did not end the Schism), Council of Constance (1414-1418 which did end the Schism but claimed superiority over the Pope), Council of Basel (1431-1449), according to which a Church council was a higher authority than the pope (this Council "fell apart") and finally the Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) which ended the heresy of Conciliarism and started modest Church reform. Then there was the coldness that was seeping into religious life, which was first noticed by St. Francis of Assisi. The collect from the Tridentine liturgy for the Feast of St. Francis on September 17 refers to this growing coldness:
O Lord Jesus Christ, Who, when the world was growing cold, didst renew the sacred marks of Thy passion in the flesh of the most blessed Francis, to inflame our hearts with the fire of Thy love, graciously grant that by His merits and prayers we may continually bear the cross and bring forth fruits worthy of penance.
There, of course, are many more reasons in these two centuries that led to the protestant revolt, I would suggest that you pick up Diane Moczar's book, Ten Dates Every Catholic Should Know, and read chapter the chapter headed 1517 AD The Protestant Catastrophe.
Probably the single biggest behavior that effected the Church in the Late Middle Ages was the Great Schism, which ran from 1378 to 1417. This was known as the Avignon Papacy,
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from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957
The Great Schism, otherwise know as the Schism of the West was not strictly a schism at all but a conflict between the two parties within the Church each claiming to support the true pope. Three months after the election of Urban VI, in 1378, the fifteen electing cardinals declared that they had appointed him only as a temporary vicar and that in any case the election was invalid as made under fear of violence from the Roman mob. Urban retorted by naming twenty-eight new cardinals, and the others at once proceeded to elect Cardinal Robert of Geneva as Pope Clement VII, who went to reside at Avignon. The quarrel was in its origin not a theological or religious one, but was caused by the ambition and jealousy of French influence, which was supported to some extent for political reasons by Spain, Naples, Provence, and Scotland; England, Germany, Scandinavia, Wales, Ireland, Portugal, Flanders and Hungary stood by what they believe to be the true pope at Rome. The Church was torn from top to bottom by the schism, both sides in good faith (it was impossible to know to whom allegiance was due), which lasted with its two lines of popes (and at one time three) till the election of Martin V in 1417. It is now regarded as practically certain that the Urbanist popes were the true ones and their names are included in semi-official lists; moreover, the ordinal numbers of the Clementine claimants (who, however, are not called anti-popes,) were adopted by subsequent popes of the same name.
Extracted from What Every Catholic Wants to Know Catholic History from the Catacombs to the Reformation, by Diane Moczar, c 2006 by Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division
The five key elements that made up the "medieval synthesis" were:- The harmony between Faith and reason.- The balance of power among nation-states as parts of Christendom- The balancing of the authority of the king with local self-government.- The harmony between the goals of individual self-fulfillment and those of society.- The equilibrium - and an uneasy one, it is true - between Church and state.In the fourteenth century everything started to fall apart beginning with famine and plague. Cold, wet weather between 1315 and 1322 brought ruined crops in northern Europe and the resulting famine produced mass starvation, the mortality rate was as high as ten percent. But within 25-20 years the Black Death struck Europe. Between 1347-1350 an estimate average of thirty percent of the population on the continent died. In some cases, the death toll was much higher. It returned again in 1363 and would recur periodically for the next three centuries. All of this caused social friction and rebellions, not to mention some bizarre heresies. In addition to all of this the Hundred Years's War began, the Ottoman Turks began their onslaught of Europe, and the Papacy was going through many troubles beginning with the Avignon papacy. All of this set the stage, so to speak for the protestant catastrophe.
Which brings us to the Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1519) the first serious, official attempt to reform the Church. Giles of Viterbo, the general of the Augustinians was the most prominent Church member and he took the popes to task for most of the current abuses in the Church, although he put great hope in Leo X (1513-1521) who had succeeded Pope Julius II (who had called the Council).
The Lateran Council issued a whole laundry list of abuses that they wanted to end, including "worldly prelates, bishops neglecting their responsibilities, and cardinals living away from Rome. The Council Fathers castigated the clergy for irregular ways of attaining benefices, nepotism, and unchastity. It condemned Averroism . . and even established Catholic pawn shops under Church auspices, to provide affordable loans to the poor."
For a complete detailing of the Catholic reformation please see Chapter 9 from Hitchcock's book History of the Catholic Church.
How was Europe affected by the events following Martin Luther's excommunication?
The Reformation's main effects where the dividing of one religious power, the Catholic Church, into several different and separate Churches, and the rise of Evangelicalism, based on the Biblical doctrine of GRACE, where Christ died for the sins of man, as opposed to the model of WORKS RIGHTEOUSNESS where Catholics would complete Sacraments to be justified before God.
How did Catherine of Aragon effect the Protestant Reformation?
Catherine of Aragon did not cause the Reformation. The Reformation had already started in Europe. She however was probably a catalyst for the English Reformation however. If she had been able to give birth to a healthy living male heir then Henry VIII would not have decided to break with the Church of Rome to marry Anne Boleyn.
