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Science

The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena is all part of science. Nothing is immune to the scientific process: from charm quarks that haven't existed naturally since the beginning of time to Pluto, recently demoted from planet to dwarf planet. Questions on knowledge about the material and physical aspects of our world are asked and answered here.

203,801 Questions

Why is the model of a membrane shown in the transperency referred to as the fluid mosaic model?

The membrane is made out of several molecules - mainly phospholipids. Instead of being a rigid structure, the molecules within the membrane are constantly moving and changing places. This means the membrane appears like a fluid.

What does classifacation mean in science?

Classification in science refers to the grouping of organisms, materials, or concepts into categories based on shared characteristics. This systematic organization helps scientists understand relationships, make predictions, and study patterns within different groups. It is commonly used in fields such as biology, chemistry, and physics to make sense of the natural world.

Who founded cardinal directions?

Cardinal directions were not founded by a specific person, as they have been used by civilizations throughout history for orientation and navigation. The concept of cardinal directions, including north, south, east, and west, is based on the Earth's rotation and magnetic field.

What are the light independent and dependent stages of photosynthesis?

Light dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH from energy captured from light. Therefore without light it cannot proceed. Light independent reactions fix carbon dioxide into glucose using the ATP and NADPH produced in the light dependent reactions. So light independent reactions can occur without light as long as CO2, ATP and NADPH is present.

Why do rockets have stages?

Rockets have stages to achieve the necessary velocity to escape Earth's gravity and reach space. Each stage is jettisoned once its fuel is depleted, making the rocket lighter and more efficient. This staging process allows the rocket to attain higher speeds and reach its desired orbit or destination.

What was the reason for Abel Tasman's voyage?

Abel Tasman's voyage in 1642 was commissioned by the Dutch East India Company to find a new trade route to the Spice Islands (Indonesia). He was also tasked with exploring and mapping the unknown regions of the Southern Pacific Ocean.

What small elements make up disaccharides?

Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide units joined together by a glycosidic bond. Examples of common disaccharides include sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), and maltose (glucose + glucose).

How many forces acting are on a rocket?

There are typically four forces acting on a rocket during flight: thrust (propels the rocket forward), weight (force of gravity acting downward), lift (generated by rocket's fins to stabilize flight path), and drag (air resistance opposing forward motion).

In cell isolation why must cold buffer and centrifugation be carried in cold temperatures?

Keeping the buffer and centrifugation cold helps to maintain cell viability by slowing down cellular processes that can lead to cell death. Cold temperatures also help to prevent protein degradation and maintain cell integrity during the isolation process.

What is the effect of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone?

Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition in bones, inhibiting bone breakdown and reducing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone breakdown, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.

When you explain or interpret what you observe you are?

Engaged in the process of analysis, where you are breaking down and making sense of the information you see. This often involves identifying patterns, making connections, and drawing conclusions based on your observations.

Why is the moon called a satellite?

The word "satellite" was in use long before being used to mean "scientific machines orbiting the Earth." It was used for the natural satellites (moons) of planets, for countries in eastern Europe that were dominated by the USSR, and for such things as smaller airport terminals separate from the main one (as in Seattle).

Most people now use "satellite" to mean manmade satellites, and use the adjective "natural" when they are talking about moons, or "the Moon." The astronomical definition of a moon or satellite is a substantially smaller body that orbits a larger one. All satellites of planets also orbit the Sun at the same time, but they are considered separately from the asteroids and minor objects that do not orbit a planet but rather circle the Sun on their own.

How do the components of the solar system interact?

Firstly, the distances in the solar system are so great that nearly all the interactions are between the Sun and the other bodies. These include gravitational attraction, absorption of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun by other bodies, and interaction of those bodies with the solar wind.

Jupiter gives off some radiation, so that should interact with other bodies, and the Earth and Moon reflect light to each other, which should apply to other planets and moons.

How can a flashlight be luminous?

A flashlight is a device whose purpose it to emit light, or be luminous. The 2 most common types of flashlights are LED or bulb. LED, or Light Emitting Diode flashlights run electricity though semiconductors that manipulate the current in a way that releases photons, the tiny packets of energy that make up light. Bulbs use incandescence to produce light, which is produced though the resistance of the material (or filament) to the electricity that is being forced though it. The material heats up, but due to the low oxygen in the glass bulb it cannot oxidize, and instead glows.

Does every star have its own solar system?

Back in the 1990's, we began to be able to "see" planets about other stars. The nearest stars are so far away that the first evidence that a planet (or planets) orbited them were small observable "shifts" or a "wobble" in the movement of the star (called perturbations). We have now actually been able to see a planet silhouetted against a star! Well over 200 exoplanets (planets outside our solar system) have been catalogued so far, and more are on the way. But does every star have its own solar system? Probably not all of them. But planetary evolutionists believe that because of the way a "solar system" collects mass and "forms itself" to give itself shape under the hand of gravity, there are going to be many stars that do have their own solar systems (planetary bodies) orbiting about them. We'll still have to wait a bit for more data to get some idea of "what the odds are" for a given star having planets about it, but we're working on it! We live in exciting times, do we not?! Click on a link and warp on over for more information.

Which Italian astronomer invented the thermometer in 1592?

Galileo Galilei was the first to invent the thermometer formerly known as thermoscope in 1592.

Where is the Sears tower?

The Sears Tower is now officially called Willis Tower.

What is a star that orbits another star called?

According to the International Astronomical Union, in a 2006 landmark decision, a planet is defined as a i) a celestial body that orbits a star, but is not a star itself; ii) is massive enough to have achieved a nearly spherical shape due to its own gravitational accretion, and iii) has cleared it local neighborhood of significant solar system debris. Under this definition, the classic eight planets are planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), while other objects are not. For example, Pluto is a dwarf planet, Vesta is an asteroid, and Halley's comet is...a comet.

Why do all calendars stop in December 2012?

Mayan Calendar EndsDecember 21, 2012 is the winter solstice when the Mayan calendar ends. Not all calendars stop on this day; many beliefs and conspiracies about this day focus attention on "The End of the World." There is no evidence to support this theory.

Supposedly, December 21st, 2012 is the day of the galactic alignment. See the related link for details.

What seasons will the Northern Hemisphere be having when it is not tilted away or tilted toward the sun?

This will happen in spring and autumn on days known as the equinoxes - roughly March 21 and September 22

IN ADDITION:In the spring equinox on march 21 the earth tilts away from the sun. On September 23 the autumnal equinox, it tilts towards the sun. We are actually closer to the sun in the wintertime in the northern hemisphere.

Can a tornado form in a valley?

Yes, tornadoes can form in valleys under the right conditions. Valleys can channel and intensify wind flow, which can enhance the development of a tornado. The topography of a valley can also create areas of low pressure that contribute to tornado formation.

How does a concave mirror affect light?

A concave mirror will tend to "focus" light to some degree, depending on the curvature of the mirror. A parabolic mirror will bring reflected light to a sharp focus, and telescopes use this type of curve for the shape of their reflective surface. And for exactly the reasons you think they do. Want links? You got 'em....

What is the transfer of heat through space by heat?

The transfer of heat through space by radiation is known as thermal radiation. It does not require a medium for heat to travel and can occur in a vacuum. The amount of heat transferred depends on the temperature and surface properties of the objects involved.

Are there fossils of partially-evolved species?

What do you mean by "partially evolved"? Since evolution is an ongoing process, any existing species will always be in a state of change. If you're referring to intermediate forms, some of the best examples to have been found in recent years are various fossils that show characteristics of both dinosaurs (scales, teeth, claws on all 4 appendages) and birds (beaks and feathers). Check out a site such as www.NewScientist.com for articles that are understandable without needing a graduate degree in paleontology.