Ancient Greece

well it is in mexico

Alexander the Great

Courts were empannelled from the citizens selected by lot, who were both judge and jury. Ordinary citizens prosecuted cases, avoiding self-interested lawyers. Trials took place on one day with a set period for accusation and defence.

Juries numbered 500 or even 2000 in serious cases. This meant that the decisions were effectively like an opinion poll of the entire population. There were few rules - accuser and defendant could say what they liked, but knew in such a limited community that the jurors probably knew a lot of the facts and could pick outright lies, so the were cautious about lying, preferring to go for exaggerating their case instead. The jury could vote guilty or not huilty, each having to coloured balls signifying yes or no, one of which they placed in and urn to be counted.

Punishments were also decided by the jury. In the event of a guilty verdict the prosecutor and defence each proffered a punishment - it meant that each presented an option most attractive and appropriate to the jury, which selected one or the other - asking for excessive punishment or lebiency was likely to get the jury to opt for the other. Very serious crimes brought death (Socrates for example was pinned for sacrilege). An affluent convicted might, for example, offer to finance a state warship for a year which would be attractive to the jury as it saved state taxes. Socrares was allowed to suicide as an option. Otherwise the Ten judicial officers would arrange for a state slave to cut the convicted's throat and throw the body into a cess pit.

One significant cause of the Peloponnesian War was that some city-states began to fear Athens due to its power grabs and desire for prestige. The war was fought from 431 to 404 BC.

When Alexander the Great died and the Hellenistic Period began, his empire was divided into three parts.AntipaterPtolemyDariusAugustus was given Macedonia and Greece to rule.

Several philosophers of Ancient Greece are Socrates, Plato and Aristole. I hope that this answers your question sufficiently.

Leonidas

The Athenian citizens had the duites of paying taxes, defending the city, produce food, make clothing, and make shelter.

-Student from the Rochester Middle School... ownage!

Familiarity with Greek has long been considered the epitome of higher education, hence the use of Greek words ( or their initials ) in college fraternity mottoes.

The Greeks came first then the Romans.

It was when Athens established an empire, and the conservative Thucydides son of Melisias was exiled, leaving the overconfident Pericles guiding Athenian foreign policy along a path leading to unyielding confrontation with the Peloponnesian city-states.

The Olympics are a legacy of the ancient Greeks because it was they who founded such competitions. Ancient Greek culture had several different Olympic-style athletic competitions, held at different times of year, sometimes at several-year intervals. Even members of nation-states at war with one another might participate in such games.

The rough mountainous terrain was too tough to send trade carts through, so they made things easier by shipping boats to their locations.

The title was originally given to Herodotos of Halicarnassos by Cicero. Herodotos' Histories (= researches) are the first coherent historical work we have, and although he included some tall tales of far-off places (ants being used to mine gold in India) in them, he is fairly reliable. The gabby tone and stories he included are understandable - he delivered the work as a series of paid-for lectures at Athens in the 430s BCE. A contemporaneous would-be historian Ctesias called Herodotos 'the father of lies' but his own work is downright unreliable (he also described tigers at the Persian court which fired darts from their tails) so he was not exactly in a position to sit in judgement.

The Greek era was based in the development of independent city states until Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic period when for the first time on European land Greeks were united and formed a state entity as we understand it today and expanded to East creating the first Empire on two continents.

The Romans on the other hand formed a state entity on European land as we understand it today and expanded to the East, South, North and West and formed the first European Empire.

Athens took on too much and became too adventurous. It was early weakened by plague, then became too ambitious in over-extending itself trying to take Syracuse in Siily.

It had various forms of government as its fortunes rose and fell under both democratic and broad-based oligarchic governments. Pericles' guidance was lost when he died two years into the war, and a succession of stable and unstable leaders ensured that the Periclean objective of defence-offence was not adhered to. Democracy was just a part of the problems which brought Athens down.

Alcibiades.

Pericles (495 BC - 429 BC). He was a statesman and general in Athens. During his time Athens gained a lot of fame, This period in time is known as the Golden Age or the Age of Pericles.

Philip of Macedonia brought the cities under his control by military and political manoeuvering reinforced by his successor Alexander the Great.

The three most significant events in Greece in the 5th century BCE are:

A/ The first Persian - Greek war at 490 BCE - Persian leader Darius I who was defeated by the Greeks at the battle of Marathon by the army of the Athenians and Plataeans under the leadership of Miltiades.

B/ The second Persian - Greek war at 480 BCE - Persian leader Xerxes who had three battles with the Greeks at Artemisium an inconclusive battle at sea, the battle of Thermopylae where the Greeks were defeated and the battle of Salamis where the Persian fleet was destroyed.

These two events stopped the expansion of the Persian Empire to the west and most probably made possible the future developments in the area that lead to the modern civilization.

C/ Then Pericles becomes the ruler of Athens and reconstructs the Acropolis of Athens and Parthenon is build [447 - 438 BCE].

Philosophy, science, technology, arts and education reach new hights.

Then a long 30 years war took place [431 - 404 BCE] between Sparta and Athens and their allies in the Aegean and the Mediterranean seas [Sicily and South Italy].

This war is known as the Peloponnesian war that left both ruling cities [Athens and Sparta] weak and unable to defeat the new coming powers of Greece the Makedonians.

The Athenian armoured warriors used mainly spears but also had swords. They had archers in support.

The Spartans had the same but arrived too late for the battle and therefore did not participate.

Alexander

The ancient Greek were descended from the Mycenaeans, Aeolians, Arcadians, Ionians, Dorians.

because of internal civil conflicts.