Ancient Greece

The Athenian citizens had the duites of paying taxes, defending the city, produce food, make clothing, and make shelter.

-Student from the Rochester Middle School... ownage!

Leonidas

Familiarity with Greek has long been considered the epitome of higher education, hence the use of Greek words ( or their initials ) in college fraternity mottoes.

It was when Athens established an empire, and the conservative Thucydides son of Melisias was exiled, leaving the overconfident Pericles guiding Athenian foreign policy along a path leading to unyielding confrontation with the Peloponnesian city-states.

The Greeks came first then the Romans.

The Olympics are a legacy of the ancient Greeks because it was they who founded such competitions. Ancient Greek culture had several different Olympic-style athletic competitions, held at different times of year, sometimes at several-year intervals. Even members of nation-states at war with one another might participate in such games.

The title was originally given to Herodotos of Halicarnassos by Cicero. Herodotos' Histories (= researches) are the first coherent historical work we have, and although he included some tall tales of far-off places (ants being used to mine gold in India) in them, he is fairly reliable. The gabby tone and stories he included are understandable - he delivered the work as a series of paid-for lectures at Athens in the 430s BCE. A contemporaneous would-be historian Ctesias called Herodotos 'the father of lies' but his own work is downright unreliable (he also described tigers at the Persian court which fired darts from their tails) so he was not exactly in a position to sit in judgement.

The rough mountainous terrain was too tough to send trade carts through, so they made things easier by shipping boats to their locations.

The Greek era was based in the development of independent city states until Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic period when for the first time on European land Greeks were united and formed a state entity as we understand it today and expanded to East creating the first Empire on two continents.

The Romans on the other hand formed a state entity on European land as we understand it today and expanded to the East, South, North and West and formed the first European Empire.

Athens took on too much and became too adventurous. It was early weakened by plague, then became too ambitious in over-extending itself trying to take Syracuse in Siily.

It had various forms of government as its fortunes rose and fell under both democratic and broad-based oligarchic governments. Pericles' guidance was lost when he died two years into the war, and a succession of stable and unstable leaders ensured that the Periclean objective of defence-offence was not adhered to. Democracy was just a part of the problems which brought Athens down.

Philip of Macedonia brought the cities under his control by military and political manoeuvering reinforced by his successor Alexander the Great.

Pericles (495 BC - 429 BC). He was a statesman and general in Athens. During his time Athens gained a lot of fame, This period in time is known as the Golden Age or the Age of Pericles.

Alcibiades.

Alexander

The three most significant events in Greece in the 5th century BCE are:

A/ The first Persian - Greek war at 490 BCE - Persian leader Darius I who was defeated by the Greeks at the battle of Marathon by the army of the Athenians and Plataeans under the leadership of Miltiades.

B/ The second Persian - Greek war at 480 BCE - Persian leader Xerxes who had three battles with the Greeks at Artemisium an inconclusive battle at sea, the battle of Thermopylae where the Greeks were defeated and the battle of Salamis where the Persian fleet was destroyed.

These two events stopped the expansion of the Persian Empire to the west and most probably made possible the future developments in the area that lead to the modern civilization.

C/ Then Pericles becomes the ruler of Athens and reconstructs the Acropolis of Athens and Parthenon is build [447 - 438 BCE].

Philosophy, science, technology, arts and education reach new hights.

Then a long 30 years war took place [431 - 404 BCE] between Sparta and Athens and their allies in the Aegean and the Mediterranean seas [Sicily and South Italy].

This war is known as the Peloponnesian war that left both ruling cities [Athens and Sparta] weak and unable to defeat the new coming powers of Greece the Makedonians.

The Athenian armoured warriors used mainly spears but also had swords. They had archers in support.

The Spartans had the same but arrived too late for the battle and therefore did not participate.

Asia Minor

Firstly it struck a rich silver lode and used the money to build a fleet in anticipation of a Persian invasion. After the Persians were repelled it turned the Delian League cities into an empire of its own, using the fleet to extort an annual tribute, which paid to maintain the fleet and allow Athens to live a high life - the Golden Age paid by the gold of the terrified cities.

The ancient Greek were descended from the Mycenaeans, Aeolians, Arcadians, Ionians, Dorians.

because of internal civil conflicts.

Aristotle was the noble class who ruled Greek city-states.

The Greek basanites, 'to put to the test' refers to black quartz, what we call a 'touchstone' in testing gold content.

he was a great greek general

The battle went on for an entire day. It occured on August 12, 490 BC.