Pollution

1. Departmentation by simple number This method is used to total the no. of persons who are performing the same duties and are under the supervision of a manager. In this method the main limitation is that it is assumed that the success of work depends only upon the no of person involved. But actually it also matters that what these people do where they work or what they (workers with computers, pen, clock etc.) work with. Moreover it is important to know how many specialized persons are there on a group instead of (skilled and unskilled) total no. of persons in a group. Advantages Disadvantages - Greater efficiency -As complexity through economies increases,harder of scale to coordinate - Strong control at top -Lack of general managers 2. Departmentation by time In this the activities are grouped on the basis of time the example of this kind of departmentation is Hospital where round the clock patient care is essential. Advantages: 1. Services can be provided round the clock or at least beyond the 8-hour shift. 2. Better use of the machines - using the same machine for more than 8 hours. 3. People can work at different time of the day and hence can take advantage of the rest of the day - like the students can work in the evening shifts etc. 4. Processes requiring more than 8 hours at a stretch can also be undertaken. Disadvantages: 1. Coordination and communication will be major problem - though it can be tackled one need to take great care as there are chances for lapses. 2. Supervision during the night shifts is generally lax. 3. There is always a fatigue factor setting in either in men or in machine. 3. Departmentation by function In this case activities are grouped according to the similarity within the function of the organisation. The organisation may be divided into departments on the basis of functions such as production, marketing, finance, personnel, and-so-on. These functions can further be divided into subfunctions in accordance with the need of the organisation. Function wise Departmentation Under each of these five managers, there will be subordinate managers and under them, the subordinate staff. The advantages of this type of structure are as follows: (i) It is a logical reflection of functions. (ii) It follows the principle of specialisation. (iii) Maintains power and prestige of major functions. (iv) Inter-departmental co-ordination is facilitated. (v) The structure is simple, logical and easy to understand. (vi) Provides a good means of control at the top. There are also some disadvantages: (i) Responsibility for profits tends to be at the top. (ii) There may be chances of heavy centralisation in decision-making. (iii) Where geographical centralisation is desirable or required, this form becomes unsuitable. (iv) This is not very suitable where product lines have to be emphasized. (v) There is a lower potential for manager development 4. Departmentation by territory grouped and assigned to a manager. When the activities of an organisation are (physically or geographically) widely dispersed, territorial divisions may be created. Such divisions take the advantage of the intimate knowledge of the local conditions possessed by the executives. Ex. CBSE (Delhi Zone, Allahabad zone, Chennai zone etc) area wise is divided; function of each zone will be different. Territorial or Geographical Departmentation The advantages of such departmentation are: (i) Regional expertise is generated and managers can tackle customers or competition better. Places responsibility at lower levels. (ii) Proximity will reduce costs of operation and administration. (iii) Places emphasis on local markets and problems. Local conditions might warrant different types of selling. This is possible only in territorial departmentation. (iv) Improves co-ordination at the regional level. (v) Better face-to-face communication with local interests in mind. (vi) Better manager development. Some disadvantages are listed as follows: (i) Involves higher costs of co-ordination and control from headquarters. (ii) Results in more managerial levels which increases overhead costs. (iii) Unsuitable for departments like Finance, where no gains are possible by specialisation on local factors. (iv) Increases problems of the top management control 5. Customer Departmentation In customer-based departmentation, departments are created around the markets served or around marketing channels. Wholesale, retail, and export customers are examples of such departmentation Ex TCS has dealer N/W co-operate marketing ( more volume of sale ) institutional market (sale related to education), direct marketing (door - to - door). In this case the activities are grouped on the basis of nature of customer. Departmentation by Customers Some advantages of this type of structure are: (i) Greater specialized customer service. (ii) Where marketing channels are considerably different for various types of customers, this type of structure is very useful. Some disadvantages of this type are: (i) May not be enough work for certain types of customers. Hence, under employment of facilities and manpower specialized in terms of customer groups. (ii) Problems of co-ordination might pose difficulties. (iii) Unequal development of customer groups. 6. Process or Equipment Departmentation In process departmentation, various manufacturing processes are taken as the basis for dividing the activities. Spinning, weaving, dyeing, etc. can form the examples for such a departmentation. In this case the activities are grouped around a process or a type of equipments. Ex. Fan ® Blades( cutting, painting, attachment.) Marketing ® Direct, Tele Marketing, Dealership etc 7. Departmentation by product When the activities associated with each product or group of closely related products are combined into relatively autonomous and integrated units within the overall framework of the company, such an organisation is described as product departmentation. It enjoys the advantage of specialised product knowledge and promotes coordination of different activities connected with a particular product. Activities are grouped on the basis of product - line. Bajaj - (Scoter, motorcycle, Auto, Mopeds Divisions) Product wise Departmentation The advantages of this type of structure are: (i) Places greater effort on individual product line. (ii) Better customer service arising from greater product knowledge. (iii) Simplifies departmentation of profitability of each product line. Responsibility for profits is at the Division level.

It never does, aluminium is an element That could possibly be false. Aluminium doesn't decompose because it is a element, however it does oxidize. So if the question is how long will it take to all oxidize the answer is that it won't because the first layer of oxide will form a shield stopping oxidation. Summary: any amount larger than a few microns will never completely oxidize, unless persuaded. (Only if the aluminum is very finely divided - powdered - will it oxidize in air.)

Yes, the EPA does study pollution and other environmental hazards. They conduct research, gather data, and analyze the impact of pollution on human health and the environment. Their findings help inform policies and regulations to protect public health and the environment.

A safe work environment is one in which you have an acceptably low chance of being injured or made ill as a result of the work you or others are doing in your place of employment.

Climate change and global warming are monitored through a variety of methods such as satellite observations, ground-based measurements, and climate models. Key indicators include temperatures, sea levels, and greenhouse gas concentrations. These monitoring efforts help scientists understand trends, assess impacts, and make projections for the future.

ask your butt

Many adults and children pollute. They litter by throwing cigarettes, soda cans, wrappers and so on. They would pollute because they probably do not think of what it could cause for nature and the environment when it causes a lot of problems. Maybe if people would think of what it does then they would not do what they are doing now.

+++

Quite right - and sadly I don't think they care either.

BTW I took the liberty of adding the leading "w" to "wrappers". The original had omitted it, conjuring up a very surreal vision, vision, vi vis vision...

No, dragonflies are not harmful to the environment. In fact, they are beneficial insects as they help control populations of mosquitoes and other flying insects. Dragonflies are also important pollinators and indicators of the overall health of aquatic ecosystems.

I'm not sure that it gives off any. Mind you, evry 20 years or so there's all the radio-active junk from the decommissing process to be got rid of. Whether you call that pollution or not depends or your definition.

To summarize a passage, you should first read it carefully and make sure you understand the main ideas and key points. Then, identify the main thesis or argument of the passage and determine the supporting evidence or examples used. Finally, condense the main ideas into a concise statement that captures the essence of the passage without including unnecessary details or examples.

one of the main pollutants from motor car exhaust that can contribute to mental disease is fine particulate matter (PM2.5). These tiny particles, measuring 2.5 micrometers or smaller, can be inhaled into the body and can penetrate the bloodstream, potentially affecting the brain and causing cognitive impairments or mental health disorders.

The five most polluting things are:

1. Fossil fuel combustion, which releases greenhouse gases and air pollutants like carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
2. Industrial processes, including chemical manufacturing and mining, which generate toxic air and water emissions.
3. Deforestation and land use changes, which contribute to loss of biodiversity and release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
4. Agriculture, particularly livestock production, which emits methane and contributes to water pollution through the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
5. Waste disposal, such as improper management of solid waste and wastewater, which can contaminate soil, water, and air.

primary pollution

Economic activities contribute to pollution. The effect is related to people driving vehicles to go to work and to deliver goods. This in return is responsible for creating toxins in the air. Economic activities are also affected by pollution due to situations like oil spills in the oceans. People who depend on the ocean as their source of income, for example fisherman, suffer from oil spills.

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is water pollution affecting a water body from diffuse sources, such as polluted runoff from agriculturalareas draining into a river, or wind-borne debris blowing out to sea. Nonpoint source pollution can be contrasted with point source pollution, where discharges occur to a body of water at a single location, such as discharges from a chemical factory, urban runoff from a roadway storm drain, or from ships at sea.

Water pollution is a growing concern that requires immediate action. To mitigate this issue, several measures can be taken. Firstly, stricter regulations must be enforced to control industrial waste disposal and encourage the use of cleaner technologies. Secondly, public awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate people about the harmful effects of water pollution and the importance of responsible waste management. Lastly, investment in wastewater treatment plants and infrastructure improvement is crucial to filter out pollutants before they enter water bodies. By implementing these steps, we can halt water pollution and safeguard our vital water resources.

The level of pollution in Kenya varies depending on the region and the type of pollution. In cities like Nairobi, air pollution is a concern due to vehicle emissions, industrial activity, and open burning of waste. Water pollution is also an issue in some areas due to inadequate sanitation and industrial waste. However, Kenya has taken steps to address these issues through policies and measures to mitigate pollution and promote sustainable development.

Pollution from cement factories includes emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These emissions contribute to air pollution and can have detrimental effects on human health and the environment. Cement factories are also known for consuming large amounts of water and generating wastewater that can contain pollutants such as heavy metals and chemicals.

Common heavy metals that can cause heavy metal poisoning include lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium. These metals can accumulate in the body over time and lead to various health problems, including damage to the brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs. Exposure to heavy metals can occur from sources such as contaminated water, air pollution, certain foods, and occupational hazards.

The role of an environmental engineer include designing, planning, and performing environmental health hazards utilizing various engineering principles. The role includes waste treatment, site remediation and pollution control.

no i cannot

pollution is already bad enough, but we got to put a stop to it to create a better future.

VOCs (Volitle Organic Compounds) pollution divided into air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution...with refer to all those pollutions,they all can threat all life form. for example, if water is polluted, the fish inside the water will drink the dirty water maybe containing mercury or what, after that fish caught to become our meal, we will die cox of eating fish pollluted with mercury,