US Foreign Policy

With the Framers comfortable with the war powers of the president and the legislature, the Framers laid out foreign policy roles of the chief executive. The president was given the power to receive foreign diplomats. Also, with the advice and consent of the Senate, make appointments for ambassadors, and to make treaties. The Senate there also would be required to approve any treaties. Also, the president would have the powers to use secrecy and be privy to superior sources of information in order to enhance diplomacy.There was no restrictions, however, on the US Congress to make proper inquiries on any matter. How the president would respond to these inquiries would depend on factors that were relevant to the security of the nation.

The Kellogg-Briand Pact was intended to protect world peace and avoid war

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Reducing trade barriers

The Department of State would be the US Department that deals with US foreign policy within the executive branch.

he created a book that argued that great countries had colonies and a strong navy

This question may pertain to WW 1, WW 2 or the Cold War. Using the latter as a reference, the US and over 20 other European nations, Canada and the US are allied with the treaty plan called NATO. An attack against one NATO member is considered an attack on all NATO members.

foreign aid

Shape of Resolution
First it should be noted that the United States cannot resolve the theological schism and go back to one single Islamic faith; this is impossible. There are irreconcilable questions of belief that separate Sunnis and Shiites such as: (1) Who was the first legitimate Caliph: Abu Bakr or Ali? (2) Is Jihad a Pillar of Islam? (3) Do the Infallible Imams carry jurisprudential weight? (4) Are shellfish halal or haram? etc. In order for the schism to undo itself, either the 250 million Shiites or the 1.3 billion Sunnis would have to concede to the answers opposite of what they believe on these and similar questions.

However, what the US should strive to do is not to strive for union but strong and cordial relations between Sunni and Shiite communities, not unlike what the Catholic and Orthodox Churches retain now 1000 years after their fractuous schism. They recognize each others' differences but collaborate on mutual goals. Of course, the benefit to promoting this in the Middle East for Middle Easterners is obvious. If sectarianism can be minimized, it will make life safer and more free for numerous Middle Easterners and South Asians. Democracy will have a chance to ennoble and improve the lives of numerous Middle Easterners and South Asians.

Benefits that accrue to the United States
While the benefits that accrue to Middle Easterners and South Asian from resolving sectarianism between Muslims in those region are relatively clear, the benefits that accrue to the United States are less obvious, but no less important. They include:

Trade Stability: One of the major reasons for fluctuations in the American economy has been due to the price of petroleum, which is directly correlated with instability in the Middle East. Helping to stabilize the Middle East will thus correlate with stability in the US economy.

Bulwarks Against Islamism: Islamism and other theocratic philosophies with which the United States cannot reasonably treat are opposed by the same individuals who are promoting reconciliation between the Islamic Sects. Empowering those individuals who wish to reconcile Sunnis and Shiites and other non-sectarians will form a bulwark against the rise of the Islamists. Combating the rise of Islamism is directly in the US interest not only because the United States cannot have stable and beneficial relations with Islamist regimes (Taliban Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Sudan, al-Shabaab in Somalia, and ISIL), but because these regimes support and protect terrorist groups like al-Qaeda which have violent designs on the US and its citizens.

Regional Allies: There is no better way to forge allies in the Middle East than by being a peacemaker. The United States' Islamic Allies in the region are problematic because most of them practice open discrimination and do not endorse democratic values. Helping to resolve the sectarian tensions will create democratic allies, like Turkey and Israel that the United States can have strong and beneficial relations with.

American Redemption: While public opinion of the US in most Middle Eastern and South Asian Islamic circles will never be very positive, by helping and promoting peacemakers in the Islamic communities in the Middle East, some ground can be made in improving the US image in the Islamic World. Kosovars and Kurds have an incredibly positive view of the United States for having helped to end the slaughter of their peoples by sectarian thugs. There may yet be hope for US Redemption in Arab, Iranian, Afghan, and Pakistani eyes.

military bases and the panama canal

The United States sided with Iraq instead of Iran because the Iranian Revolution of February 11, 1979 had just deposed the US installed puppet-dictator, Mohamed Reza Shah, effectively cutting-off US control of Iran and its abundant oil resources.

However, one must remember that money was made by US defense contractors arming the two sides as they brutally killed one another for the decade long war.

Yes. The United States supported Israel midway through the war. The Soviets had already provided assistance to the Arabs.

isolationism

To be very brief, it is because the interests of the US have become so broad that it is now necessary to protect them in one way or another all over the globe. Immediately after the Revolutionary War, George Washington stated that the US would stay out of Europes' intrigues and squabbles. England and France were always fighting. He wanted to concentrate on America's growth. From the time of William the Conqueror, nations allied themselves with other nations to make themselves stronger. Washington wanted to avoid these entanglements. As the country grew, its interests expanded into other parts of the world. Trade and politics were and are the basic moving forces. The US needs oil, so it looks to keep things settled down in the Middle East. It needed to avoid war with the Soviet Union after WW2, so it created NATO and strengthened Germany so Germany could be a barrier to Soviet aggression. It wanted to suppress the spread of communist regimes to friendly democratic countries so it went to war in southeast asia. Now the US is heavily dependent on foreign trade, so it must stay on friendly terms with other nations. The whole world has become a smaller place and events in other parts of the world that would have had no effect on colonial America now have serious consequences on modern America.

The reason that the United States has a limit on aid is because aid is another line item in the US budget. The US does not have infinite resources to just hand over to Israel. Israel receives more aid than any other single country (but less than one-third that given to the Islamic World), so it receives enough.

No. The US leads the world in enforcing sanctions against North Korea.

Most Americans believed the war was a European conflict and didn't want to get involved.

Many Native American tribes would say that from Colonial American days, the land now known as the US broke many treaties with American Indians.

The United States took a definitive stance in World War II by declaring war on Japan. Previously, the United States had been neutral with Allied proclivities, but now it was a new Allied Power. Within the following days, the Nazi Germans and the Italians declared war on the United States to reciprocate the US declaration of war on Japan. However, since the United States' strongest ally was the United Kingdom, both FDR and Churchill found it more prudent to put the strongest effort in winning the war in Europe before turning their effort more strongly to the Pacific.

Naturally, because of the declaration of war, the United States ceased trade with the Axis powers and all Axis-Occupied Countries or Partners.

The United States did not support either side; it was too busy fighting Communists in Turkey and Greece.

Part of the US plan to promote democracy in battle torn Europe was the Marshal Plan. Among other things, the Plan gave aid to European countries that had lost much of their agriculture and factories in the battles fought in Europe.

communism

Choices would be helpful here.

Aided Israel during the Arab-Israeli War of 1973.

The Arab states attacked Israel during the Holy Day of Yom Kippur. The USA gave Israel enough military aid for the nation to defend itself. Since the USA kept Israel from being defeated and wiped off the map by the Arab nations, they put an oil embargo on the USA.