Europe

I got gas yesterday (30 May 2011) for 1.65 EUR per liter. There are about four liters in a gallon (liters are slightly smaller than quarts). The current USD to EUR exchange rate is at 0.69. That's 6.60 EUR or $9.57 USD per gallon.

Andorra

Monaco

Iceland*

Norway

Switzerland

Liechtenstein

San Marino

Vatican City

Iceland is a candidate for joining the EU and will do so in the near future. However, the country is currently not a member of the EU so it is on the list.

2

Denmark

Verdun was the most important during WWI. There are a lot of towns on the River in northeastern France, just like any river.

Geographers will often use the term 'Eurasia' when referring to Europe and Asia as one continent, as they would use 'The Americas' to refer to both North and South America. In many ways, using the term 'Eurasia' simplifies things, as countries like Russia and Turkey are split into both Asia and Europe.

Vienna, Australia doesn't fit. Lisbon is in Portugal, Sofia in Bulgaria and Vaduz in Malta, but Vienna is not in Australia, but rather Austria.

By the time of the Crusades, most of Europe was converted to Christianity. Since the point of this series of wars was to recover the Holy Land of Jerusalem, the Europeans were anxious that they would have the land where their savior Jesus Christ was crucified.

Europe wasn't affected much at all. It was the Knights Templar and the Pope that were affected. The Pope had to disband the order of the Templar because of many confessions that they commited acts of herecy within the order. Therefore the Knights Templar dissolved.

Europe in a whole wasn't affected, however its foundations were.

The same reason why do Christians live in Muslim Majority countries. Any European citizen or resident has the right to have his/her own faith or religion as citizens or residents in any other Muslim majority countries.

The Mediterranean Sea borders southern Europe, as well as Anatolia, the Levant, and North Africa. This sea makes up the coastline of the following European countries: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Slovenia, and Spain.

Spain, Portugal, France, and Europe all settled in the New World. However, Spain and Portugal settled mostly on the southern continent (South America) and France did some settling there as well.

1. Russia
2. Georgia
3. Armenia
4. Azerbaijan
5. Turkey
6. Syria
7. Lebanon
8. Israel
9. Jordan
10. Yemen
11. Oman
12. United Arab Emirates
13. Qatar
14. Bahrain
15. Kuwait
16. Saudi Arabia
17. Iraq
18. Iran
19. Kazakhstan
20. Uzbekistan
21. Kyrgyzstan
22. Tajikistan
23. Turkmenistan
24. Afghanistan
25. Pakistan
26. Maldives
27. Sri Lanka
28. India
29. Nepal
30. Bhutan
31. Bangladesh
32. Timor-Leste
33. Indonesia
34. Singapore
35. Brunei
36. Malaysia
37. Philippines
38. Myanmar
39. Thailand
40. Cambodia
41. Laos
42. Vietnam
43. Taiwan
44. China
45. Mongolia
46. North Korea
47. South Korea
48. Japan

As a result of Columbus's voyages to the New World, a biological pipeline between America and Europe opened up that had been apart since before humans appeared on earth. The lands had drifted apart that had once been connected. Some species of plants and animals flourished in both areas, and some did not. There were many new animals and plants in the Americas that Europeans had never seen. And, Europeans brought plants and animals to the New World that America had never seen. This includes viruses and other biological organisms. The new animals brought to America upset the ecology of the area. The people living in the Americas did not have resistance to many of the "germs" brought by the Europeans. Biologically, the Indians had not been exposed to measles, smallpox, whooping cough, chicken pox, and influenza. The effect of these diseases on the Americans was catastrophic. Bacteria and viruses killed more Native Americans than did Spanish swords. The Indians also gave to the Europeans, venereal disease. Medical historians disagree on the origins of syphilis, but it was first identified by physicians in 1493, in Cadiz, Spain, the port which Columbus returned to after his first voyage. The Colombian Exchange was also a cultural exchange. New agricultural developments were traded, economic activity and opportunities opened up between the New and Old Worlds, and new ideas were exchanged.

Russia has access to the Baltic Sea - in the Russian exclave "Kaliningrad Oblast" there is an important war harbour. Also, Russia has access to the Eastern part of the Gulf of Finland (part of the Baltic Sea), Sankt-Petersburg is actually on the Baltic coast.

What was meant in the question were perhaps "Three Baltic States" - Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia (actually, Lithuania doesn't share a border with Russia). Or maybe Latvia, Estonia and Finland?

Britain & British Empire & Commonwealth forces, (Australia,New Zealand, South Africa & India), & after Operation Torch the US & Free French against Italy & Germany British forces also freed Ethiopia & Italian Somaliland (Now Eritrea) from Axis presence.

increased trade

The invention of the printing press

Desire for new technology

There were many drivers, the availability of books, the better education, the development of logic and so on. All of which required sufficient leisure to allow of some time devoted to thinking.

Geographical comparison is always relative. Comparing Portugal to continental countries and of course Portugal is a small country. However Portugal is the 19th largest country in Europe, meaning it's a medium size country in European terms. One province of Portugal is like the size of Belgium.

It is west of Russia

At the end of World War 2, The Western Nations of the allied forces wanted all of the European nations to be freed and allowed to be self ruling AND democratic. Democracy hating Dictator Stalin was not going to do that with the nations he took from the Nazi Germans. The continual conflict over this matter between Stalin and FDR and Churchill ended up in a stale mate. Stalin got his nations to keep under communist Soviet rule and the other half of Europe the western allies liberated were allowed to be free and democratic. This sparked The 50 year Cold War.

27
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

The spread of Christianity

United States of America, China, Russia, Most south American countries, South Africa, France, Italy, Poland, Germany....many more

Europe was in war, and the United States was neutral. The US helped both sides by supplying goods, and the US got rich from it, thus, enhancing shipping prosperity.

No countries joined the EU in 2009. You cannot say what the previous three were as two joined at the same time in 2007 and ten joined at the same time in 2004.