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Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering is a profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public, like houses, buildings, roads, etc. A Civil Engineer is an engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges or dams, and other large facilities.

4,921 Questions

Where does Tokyo get its drinking water from?

Tokyo gets most of its water from the Arakawa and Tonegawa river watersheds. http://www.toshiseibi.metro.tokyo.jp/plan/pdf/pdf-112.pdf#zoom=100

What is submerged density of soil?

The unit weight of submerged soil:

Submerged Density (kN/m3) = Saturated Density - Water Density

Water Density = 9.81 kN/m3

What is diversion tunnel in a dam?

When a dam is to be built, a diversion tunnel is usually bored through solid rock next to the dam site to bypass the dam construction site. The dam is built while the river flows through the diversion tunnel.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a salary cap?

It is advantageous to have a salary cap so that production costs can remain fair. Salary caps also protect the shareholders from rogue CEOs who may bleed the company's resources just to finance their bonuses.

In Photogrammetry what is Interior Orientation?

In Interior orientation (IO) the internal geometry of the camera or sensor is defined as it was during the time of photography. During this process image pixel coordinate system is transformed to image space coordinate system. The variable associated in IO are the following

- Principal point

- Focal length

- Fiducial marks

- Lens distortion

What is ESVC pipe?

In answer to your question the acronym 'ESVC' stands for Extra Strength Vitrified Clay. Hope this helps -Dan

What is a CAT3 check?

A Cat III check involves taking the final detail design drawings and functional specification, and developing our own load cases, calculations and analyses. By utilising a totally independent party to carry out a check allows the client to be confident that the design is suitable for its intended purpose, and also viable for manufacture. Based on this check, we also advise of any modifications that may need to be made to the design.

What are the symbols use in civil engineering works?

There are many symbols...you must be more specific. I dont know if you can answer this question on this site as they are pictures.

What is the application of Fourier series in civil engineering?

when we have need to know the temperature in a bar about any distance we can use fourier series to know that and then we can apply sufficient temperature.

How do you convert an architectural scale measurement to an engineering scale measurement?

It's not too difficult once you see how its done. Let's take a look at some common arch. units converted to eng. units. when converting, remember, you do not have to convert the whole foot numbers. So youre just focused on converting the inches and fractions of an inch. So:

1" = 1"/12"= .08' (take your inches and divide them by 12")

2" = 2"/12" = .16'

3" = 3"/12" = .25'

and so on. for fractions of an inch:

1/8" = (1/8)/12 = .01' (divide 1 by 8, and then divide that 12)

1/4" = (1/4)/12 = .02'

1/2" = (1/2)/12 = .04'

and so on. For example, let's say you needed to convert 12' 5 1/2" to engineering units. It would be as follows:

12' is, well, 12'

5 1/2" can also be written as 5.5". So, 5.5"/12" = .4583

Therefore 12' 5 1/2" converts to 12.4583'.

What is out of plane bending in beams?

If the beam bends such that the plane of the loading is parallel to axis of the beam passing through its center of gravity then the bending is known as in-plane bending. Otherwise due to effects of twisting and lateral forces perpendicular to the plane of loading then it is called out-of-plane bending

B Venkata Reddy

MREC, Hyderabad

What is the construction procedure of bored cast-in-situ concrete pile using rotary rigs?

Shift and set the rig at the location of pile alredy surveyed. complete the boring to the required depth by attaching the boring assemblies with the rig. Flush the bore hole with bentonite solution. remove the boring assembly and insert the pre fabricated reinforcement cage. laping should be welded. set the reqiured length of tremmi pipe (dia not less than 200mm) and do flushing with new bentonite solution having density not more than 1.12. continue the flushing for atleast 30 minutes and check the density of liquid over flowing from the bore hole. if the density of it is 1.12 stop the flushing and pore the concrete stage by stage upto the cut off level.

thank you

Stephen, Silppi

What is a y12 reinforce steel bar?

It is a deformed round steel bar and has a diameter of 12mm.

What is Line of Collimation in Levelling?

it is line set out by the optical axis of the instrument ( level). so it is just an imaginary line that describes the ray of light that allowes us to read different values from the leveling staff. this term arose from the fact that in differential leveling in surveying we must construct horizontal line of sight, but due to collimation error the collimation line (i.e. line of sight) will not be 100% horizontal (by horizontal we mean tangent the level surface at the instrument position), instead it will be slightly deviated. so what we are looking to achieve when we eliminate the collimation error (using the 2 peg test) is a horizontal line of collimation.

How do you measure nominal diameter of deformed bar?

Nominal diameter of deformed bars are specified by standards.

Diameter of deformed bar is controlled from test :

1. measure the mass w in kg weighted to a precision 0.5 %

2. measure the length L in m to a precision 0.5 %

The equivalent diameter is nominal diameter of deformed bars and calcolation is by this formula :

Diamater = root square of ( 162.13 w / L )

Can a 66000 pound concrete truck safely drive over a 4' diameter reinforced concrete pipe with 4 inch walls buried 1' below in average compacted soil?

This all depends on the class of Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP) it is. Typically the manufactorers of RCP recommend one foot of compacted fill over a pipe for construction traffic. As long as the material is not wet I would drive over it any day.

What was the float plane used by James Bond in Man With The Golden Gun?

It was a Seabee, owned by Colonel Claire and has FAA Registry # N87545. After refusing to rent it to the Bond producers he offered to fly it to the location as long as he could fly it in the movie. Which he did. The real plane was not blown up but an Art Department mock-up was destroyed in its place. Colonel Claire was apparently injured during one take of him beaching the Seabee up onto the beach.

What is the difference between Headrace tunnel and Penstock in hydropower plants?

Pen stock is made of pipe while Tunnel is not a pipe.Tunnel is made of concrete material.

What is clear cover in RCC structure?

The clear cover is the concrete from outer face of stirrups to outer face of concrete. cover is provided to safe guard reinforcement from various environmental agents like moisture, harmful chemicals like sulphates and chlorides , carbonation due to atmospheric CO2 and moisture, chemical gases , near sea, sea water spray etc. Thickness of cover depends on the importance of structure, exposure conditions, fire rating required.- Satyanarayana, Hyderabaad,India

What is neck column in construction?

In construction a column neck is part of the slab foundation. It is put in place to help stabilize the concrete.