Oil Refineries

no the American flag can not fade its colors in the winter because winter is not bleach.If it is being washed and is washed by bleach ten;just then it cane start fading.

65 KM from Dammam Airport to Saudi Aramco (Daharan)

* No They Don't * The price of crude oil paid by refining companies which don't have their own crude supplies is almost always different from the prices of commodities in the futures markets and spot markets, which are most commonly referred by media and general public as benchmark prices for commodities. * Big processors of crude, like refineries, and crude producers usually enter into not-publicly-traded forward contracts many years in advance, for the type of oil and delivery dates and places convenient to them. * Media and the general public usually refer only to spot and futures markets prices because the exact terms of those forward contracts are not public. * The crude oil processors participate in futures markets alongside with speculators, but only to prevent potential losses or enhance profits, which is called hedging, and not to actually purchase crude from the producers. The forward prices, however, are heavily correlated with futures prices in the long term, which means that refineries contracts shadow the long term average of commodities-driven-prices for a barrel of oil. But refiners don't lock in long term term contracts for volume deliveries at the higher spot prices we all experience at the pump in the summer driving season. Their contracts reflect the long term average usage and expected prices of crude worldwide over the upcoming contract period. * But the final consumers of their products pay prices based on the daily change in market spot prices as illustrated by the $4. per gallon price on gasoline in the summer of 2008. Final consumers, unless they are large operations, generally do not have the latitude to lock in prices on products with future delivery dates.

$ 91,34/barrel

None, but there is an interesting back-story to this answer. According to Forbes (and other business magazines), refineries have been closing in the United States for several decades: there were as many as 300 of them during President Reagan's time in office, but they have steadily declined, to the point that by the end of the Bush years, there were about 150 of them. Refineries closed for a number of reasons, including less demand, and the effects of the global recession. Oil companies have not built any new refineries in the US for several decades, so there was nothing for President Obama to approve (or to deny).

Meanwhile, American refineries are making the most of what they have, and in fact, they are pumping out about 17.7 million gallons a day. But as several news reports have pointed out, one big problem for American consumers is that US refineries are shipping a large amount of their production to Brazil, China, and several other countries where demand is greater (and they can charge higher prices).

API 27,5 - SULPHUR 2,92

GI means General Instruction.

It is the regulation for KSA Aramco company.

They recieve 6,000 KD a month thats equal to $18,000 U.S. Dollars

curaco

they interview locally in houston, ask a few questions to test your knowledge and then make a decision depending on their need for your specialty.

Shipping logistics, tankers need deep water ports, and Britain's oil production takes place offshore primarily in the North Sea.

It is not publicly traded.

fueloil 180 price pllat persian golf ?

I am looking for the answer to that question too. It has been 10 years. By the time the settle we the injured people will be picking up the pennies while the 76 lawyers will be reaping the benefit from our illness.

ARabian AMerican Oil Company

two to four billion, depending on.....

Actually, the answer is a lot like "how high is up?" Crude oil comes in many forms, with the chief variables being how heavy the crude is (larger molecules are more dense), how much sulfur it contains, how acidic it is, and what other contaminants (e.g. - metals) come along for the ride. On top of that, the products that a refinery produces are also many, including LPG, butane, gasoline (in various forms - multiple octane grades, lower vapor pressure gasoline is required by regulation in the summer months; sulfur standards vary, etc.), diesel fuel (again, in multiple forms), jet fuel, military spec jet fuel, asphalt, coke, and others. To know what it will cost to build a refinery, one has to specify what types of crude it will start with, and what products it is designed to produce, and what the level of throughput will be.

It takes a lot more processing, for example, to convert heavy, sour, high-acid Canadian tar sands crude into saleable products than it does to convert light sweet West Texas crude, and therefore the cost of a refinery to do that will be a lot higher. Once the infrastructure is in place (real estate, maintenance suppliers, pipelines, employees, etc.), it is far more efficient to modify an existing refinery than to build a new one from scratch. The last oil refinery built in the US was started in the 1970's, though there are rumors of new ones popping up to handle the boom in wet shale gas. Since that time, expansion of total refining capacity has come at existing refineries, even as most of the smaller ones (e.g. - less than 100,000 barrel/day throughput) have shut down. Therefore, calculating the cost of a new refinery is mostly an exercise in fantasizing.

Delta Airlines recently (April, 2012) announced that it was buying a closed 185,000 bbl/day Phillips refinery in the Philadelphia area for $180 million, and will spend $100 million to get it back up and running. (The deal is designed to help Delta control the cost of its jet fuel.) They value the asset at $1 billion.

For comparison, the BP refinery in Whiting, Indiana is in the process of being upgraded to handle more Canadian tar sands crude. That 405,000 bbl/day refinery has announced it is spending $4 billion to increase its capacity for Canadian crude from 80,000/day to 350,000 bbl/day, with startup of the new units targeted for 2013. Total throughput is not changing, according to the press information. Rather, they are changing the types of crude that can be processed at the plant.

So the answer to the question is: "How much do you want to spend??"

gujarat

Oil sands or bituminous sands, (more technical term) are difficult to produce because of the extremely high viscosity of the oil. Generally, the oil must be pumped out, and recovery is poor. Methods to improve recovery include heating the oil underground using steam. A thermal method called SAGD, or steam assisted gravity drainage, creates a steam zone (steam chest) immediately above the oil deposit, and wells are perforated (opened to production) at the bottom of the oil zone.

The link I have included gives a general overview of various methods, and there is considerable information on the internet on SAGD and other processes.

See related link.

Coker naphtha is an intermediate hydrocarbon product of a delayed coker unit. The boiling point is closest to that of gasoline. In some cases the delayed coker unit will contain a unit operation called a naphtha splitter, in which the coker naphtha is distilled by fractional distillation into light and heavy coker naphtha. The heavy coker naphtha may be discarded back into the light coker gasoil or used as an intermediate elsewhere the in refinery.

A naphtha splitter is often required when the cut point of naphtha at the refinery is "low" (approximately less than 135°C). Low naphtha cut points are the result of stringent environmental regulations. Since most of the sulfur is in the heaviest third of the total gasoline, excluding it from the gasoline blending pool may be the easiest way to comply with strict environmental regulations. In this case the higher sulfur heavy coker naphtha may be discarded as a blending component for synthetic crude oil or blending with light cycle oil (LCO).

Whangarei is the awnser did you know Whangerei is also known for its brilliant diving at the Poor Knights Islands.

Use a 14mm wrench to unscrew the bolt at the bottom of the oil pan.

It means that at least three points of your body, it might be either two hand and one foot or one hand and two feet, must be in touch with the ladder while ascending or descending. So keep your both hands free, never carry anything with your hands, while climbing.

Please note that the important part is while ascending and descending. Once you arrive to the level you want to work at, you may do light work that may require both hands. Do not lean out far enough to cause your belt buckle to extend outside the side rails. THERE IS NO FALL PROTECTION REQUIRED ON LADDERS. Always follow manufacturer's recommendations.

Sasol and PetroSA

Gas blankets over vessels containing hot oil can be either fuel gas or nitrogen blanketed. The blankets should always be vented to flare to reduce discharging hydrocarbons to the atmosphere. Fuel gas cannot be vented to the atmosphere; therefore, nitrogen blanketing is used for large atmospheric pressure storage tanks.

For reference: Refinery "fuel gas" is the gaseous product produced when crude oil is refined. It varies in composition from refinery to refinery and may consist of methane, ethane, propane, butane, or any C1-C4 molecule.