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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
At what pH is the rate of enzyme activity the highest?
Pepsin secreted in the stomach, works at highly acidic pH and the pH could be as low as 2. The optimal pH for pepsin is thus near about 2. This pH is maintained by HCl secreted by the gastric glands in the stomach.
What is the relationship between an amino acid and a codon?
The relationship between nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence is called the genetic code.
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In those segments of DNA that carry information about proteins, the sequence of the nucleotides determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain (one chain of a protein).
A group of three consecutive nucleotides codes for (represents) one amino acid. This group is called a codon.
The different amino acids are coded for by different codons. What each of the 64 codons stands for is the genetic code.
Three of the codons mean STOP; each of the 61 others stands for one of the 20 amino acids. In addition, one of the codons does double duty: it means START when it appears in a particular position.
The coding sections of DNA are called genes. Some genes code for RNA (such as transfer and ribosomal RNA); polypeptide chains are coded for by other genes, or, more specifically, exons of those genes. The exons are often separated by introns, which, although consisting of a sequence of nucleotides, do not code for amino acids.
The idea that nucleotide sequence (often referred to as base sequence) might code for amino acid sequence followed the proposal of the double-helix structure for DNA in 1953.
In 1958 Francis Crick gave the name sequence hypothesisto the idea that the nucleotide sequence corresponded to the sequence of amino acids in the chain to be synthesized. (For some reason this name is not well known now, and is often confused with Crick's term "central dogma", which, as Crick used it, denotes a different concept.)
In 1961 there were two important breakthroughs. Crick and Sydney Brenner showed that the code consisted of "triplets" (Brenner coined the word codon the following year), and Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei developed a technique for working out the code (in its messenger RNA version).
By 1966 all the 64 possible codons had been worked out.
Salt is actually a compound composed of two elements, sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), in a 1:1 ratio. When sodium and chlorine combine through a chemical reaction, they form the compound known as sodium chloride, or table salt.
Yes, ink can expand when frozen due to the water content within it turning into ice, which typically takes up more volume than liquid water. This expansion can potentially damage containers, especially if they are not designed to accommodate the increased volume.
Enzymes are metabolism controlling agent. Enzymes act as a catalyst to increase the efficiency of chemical reactions without being use up of themselves.Enzymes are made up of Proteins.Without participation of enzymes reaction will proceed slowly and making life impossible.
Vitamins are divided into how many categories?
Vitamins are typically divided into two categories: water-soluble vitamins (such as Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins) and fat-soluble vitamins (such as Vitamins A, D, E, and K). Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and need regular intake, while fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver.
How do you determine Surface area of leaf without using any instrument?
Here's what you do... take a graph paper.. the 1mm x 1mm graduated. trace the leaf on the graph paper. remove the leaf. then count the whole squares occupied by the leaf. write down the number. count the half 3/4th filled squares and write the number down. count the number of half filled squares and divide the number by two and write it down. leave out 1/4th filled squares. add the numbers you have written down. the number you get is the surface area of one side of leaf. doubling it will give you the surface area of the entire leaf in sq cm
What is the monomer and polymer of proteins?
The monomer of proteins are amino acids, which are linked together through peptide bonds to form a polymer called polypeptide chains. These polypeptide chains can further fold and interact with each other to form the final protein structure.
A carbon compound that contains oxygen between two hydrocarbon groups is known as a what?
Ethers are carbon compounds that don't contain alcohol,
but contain one oxygen atom (O) between two hydrocarbon
groups.
What monosaccharide is found in fruit?
fructose
The monosaccharide responsible for sweet taste in fruit is fructose also known as levulose or fruit sugar.
What process occurs after glycolysis?
aerobic oxidatio of pyruvic acid
after pyruvic acid is form it get transfer to mitochondria. as soon as pyruvic acid enter to mitochondria it get oxidise to c02 in the reaction called oxidative decarboxylation.
here
1st it get decarboxylate and then it get oxidised by the help of enzyme
called pyruvate dehydrogenase. nd this enzym is made up of decarboxylase,lipoic acid amid tpp [thiamine pyrophosphate] nd in the presence of some cofactor
such as vit b1 nd mg ions.
reaction given below
pyruvate + NAD+ + co-A = acetyl co-A + NADH + H+ + c02
What are the disadvantages of rancidity in fats and oils?
The disadvantages of hydrogenating fats and oils is that the human body cannot use trans fats in the same manner it uses natural unsaturated fats. Also trans fats raises the levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood.
Is it good to starve yourself to lose weight?
No, starving yourself is not a safe or effective way to lose weight. It can lead to serious health consequences, including decreased muscle mass, nutrient deficiencies, and a slowed metabolism. It is important to focus on balanced nutrition and exercise for sustainable weight loss.
What are compounds consisting of repeated linked units?
Compounds consisting of repeated linked units are called polymers. They are large molecules formed by joining together smaller molecules called monomers through chemical bonds. Polymers can have a wide range of properties and are used in various applications, from plastics to DNA.
Why are fats insoluble in water Why is this important to life?
The answer to the first part of your question is as follows:
Fats are of non-polar carbon-hydrogen bonds (which don't form hydrogen bonds like water) in the tails of fatty acids and are highly hydrophobic. As a result the fat molecules do not interact well with water molecules, so they are 'repelled' by the water and do not dissolve. Also Fats have lesser specific gravity than water.
No, as dieting is concerned it is a mineral.
Simply put, it's salt.
Why does a hydrophobic environment increase the pKa of Histidine?
The pKa, or acid dissociation constant, of an amino acid is strongly tied to the properties of the surrounding solvent. The hydrophobic core of a protein is a distinctly different environment than the water exposed surface of the protein and the pKa in the core is different than the normal, solvent exposed pKa. This is related to the dielectric constant, or the ease at which charge is "felt" over a distance, which is much lower in the hydrophobic core of the protein. In addition, the now fixed locations of other possibly charged amino acids nearby will also impact the pKa of the residue.
An enzyme that is denatured is one that no longer functions correctly or one that has ceased to function entirely.
An enzyme can become denatured if factors such as pH and temperature are not closely monitored.
The bonding of two amino acids to form a larger molecule requires?
The bonding of two amino acids to form a larger molecule requires the removal of a water molecule in a condensation reaction, forming a peptide bond between the amino acids. This process is catalyzed by an enzyme called a ribosome.
What does chromic acid test and lucas test indicate?
The chromic acid test is used to identify the presence of primary or secondary alcohols by observing a color change from orange to green or blue. The Lucas test is used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols by observing the formation of an alkyl chloride precipitate.
Because usually enzymes can help catalyze more than one substrate although they are specific. Enzymes are reusable (within reason) but do eventually wear out. Enzymes are efficient and don't need to be large to carry out their aid in the rate of chemical reaction processes.
What type of bond links amino acids to form polymers?
Peptide bonds are the type of bond that links amino acids together to form polymers called peptides or proteins. Peptide bonds form when the amino group of one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of another amino acid, resulting in the release of a water molecule.
What are the sources of medicine?
Medicine can be derived from plant sources (herbal medicine), animal sources (such as insulin from pigs), mineral sources (like iron supplements), synthetic sources (laboratory-produced drugs), and microbial sources (such as antibiotics produced by fungi or bacteria).
Is cholesterol found only in food constituents of purely animal origin?
No, cholesterol is found in animal products such as meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, and dairy. However, plant foods also contain a different type of cholesterol called phytosterols. These plant sterols have a similar structure to cholesterol but are not fully absorbed by the body and can actually help lower blood cholesterol levels.
