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Philippines Ecosystems
The Philippines Ecosystems are tropical in nature. Most of the flora and fauna (plants and animals) is unique compared to those found in the mainland Asia. The areas therein are rain forest and pine forest.
296 Questions
What is the history of land reform in the Philippines?
"The New Republic" After the establishment of the Philippine Independence in 1946, the problems of land tenure remained. These became worst in certain areas. Thus the Congress of the Philippines revised the tenancy law.
President Manuel Roxas (1946-1948) enacted the following laws:
- Republic Act No. 34 -- Established the 70-30 sharing arrangements and regulating share-tenancy contracts.
- Republic Act No. 55 -- Provided for a more effective safeguard against arbitrary ejectment of tenants.
- Executive Order No. 355 issued on October 23, 1950 -- Replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which takes over the responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn Production Administration.
President Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) enacted the following laws:
- Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 -- Abolished the LASEDECO and established the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to resettle dissidents and landless farmers. It was particularly aimed at rebel returnees providing home lots and farmlands in Palawan and Mindanao.
- Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) -- governed the relationship between landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system. The law provided the security of tenure of tenants. It also created the Court of Agrarian Relations.
- Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955) -- Created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) which was responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations.
- Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration) -- Provided small farmers and share tenants loans with low interest rates of six to eight percent.
President Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
Continued the program of President Ramon Magsaysay. No new legislation passed.
President Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965) enacted the following law:
- Republic Act No. 3844 of August 8, 1963 (Agricultural Land Reform Code) -- Abolished share tenancy, institutionalized leasehold, set retention limit at 75 hectares, invested rights of preemption and redemption for tenant farmers, provided for an administrative machinery for implementation, institutionalized a judicial system of agrarian cases, incorporated extension, marketing and supervised credit system of services of farmer beneficiaries.
The RA was hailed as one that would emancipate Filipino farmers from the bondage of tenancy.
President Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986). Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972 ushered the Period of the New Society. Five days after the proclamation of Martial Law, the entire country was proclaimed a land reform area and simultaneously the Agrarian Reform Program was decreed.
President Marcos enacted the following laws:
- Republic Act No. 6389, (Code of Agrarian Reform) and RA No. 6390 of 1971 -- Created the Department of Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund. It strengthen the position of farmers and expanded the scope of agrarian reform.
- Presidential Decree No. 2, September 26, 1972 -- Declared the country under land reform program. It enjoined all agencies and offices of the government to extend full cooperation and assistance to the DAR. It also activated the Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council
- Presidential Decree No. 27, October 21, 1972 -- Restricted land reform scope to tenanted rice and corn lands and set the retention limit at 7 hectares.
President Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992)
The Constitution ratified by the Filipino people during the administration of President Corazon C. Aquino provides under Section 21 under Article II that "The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform."
On June 10, 1988, former President Corazon C. Aquino signed into law Republic Act No. 6657 or otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). The law became effective on June 15, 1988.
Subsequently, four Presidential issuances were released in July 1987 after 48 nationwide consultations before the actual law was enacted.
President Corazon C. Aquino enacted the following laws:
- Executive Order No. 228, July 16, 1987 - Declared full ownership to qualified farmer-beneficiaries covered by PD 27. It also determined the value remaining unvalued rice and corn lands subject of PD 27 and provided for the manner of payment by the FBs and mode of compensation to landowners.
- Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 - Provided mechanism for the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
- Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987 - Instituted the CARP as a major program of the government. It provided for a special fund known as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF), with an initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the estimated cost of the program from 1987-1992.
- Executive Order No. 129-A, July 26, 1987 - streamlined and expanded the power and operations of the DAR.
- Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) - An act which became effective June 15, 1988 and instituted a comprehensive agrarian reform program to promote social justice and industrialization providing the mechanism for its implementation and for other purposes. This law is still the one being implemented at present.
- Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990 - Vested in the Land Bank of the Philippines the responsibility to determine land valuation and compensation for all lands covered by CARP.
- Executive Order No. 407, June 14, 1990 - Accelerated the acquisition and distribution of agricultural lands, pasture lands, fishponds, agro-forestry lands and other lands of the public domain suitable for agriculture.
President Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998) When President Fidel V. Ramos formally took over in 1992, his administration came face to face with publics who have lost confidence in the agrarian reform program. His administration committed to the vision "Fairer, faster and more meaningful implementation of the Agrarian Reform Program.
President Fidel V. Ramos enacted the following laws:
- Republic Act No. 7881, 1995 - Amended certain provisions of RA 6657 and exempted fishponds and prawns from the coverage of CARP.
- Republic Act No. 7905, 1995 - Strengthened the implementation of the CARP.
- Executive Order No. 363, 1997 - Limits the type of lands that may be converted by setting conditions under which limits the type of lands that may be converted by setting conditions under which specific categories of agricultural land are either absolutely non-negotiable for conversion or highly restricted for conversion.
- Republic Act No. 8435, 1997 (Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act AFMA) - Plugged the legal loopholes in land use conversion.
- Republic Act 8532, 1998 (Agrarian Reform Fund Bill) - Provided an additional Php50 billion for CARP and extended its implementation for another 10 years.
President Joseph E. Estrada (1998-2000) "ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP'. This was the battle cry that endeared President Joseph Estrada and made him very popular during the 1998 presidential election.
President Joseph E. Estrada initiated the enactment of the following law:
- Executive Order N0. 151, September 1999 (Farmer's Trust Fund) - Allowed the voluntary consolidation of small farm operation into medium and large scale integrated enterprise that can access long-term capital.
During his administration, President Estrada launched the Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA. The DAR forged into joint ventures with private investors into agrarian sector to make FBs competitive.
However, the Estrada Administration was short lived. The masses who put him into office demanded for his ouster.
President Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo (2000-present) The agrarian reform program under the Arroyo administration is anchored on the vision "To make the countryside economically viable for the Filipino family by building partnership and promoting social equity and new economic opportunities towards lasting peace and sustainable rural development."
- Land Tenure Improvement - DAR will remain vigorous in implementing land acquisition and distribution component of CARP. The DAR will improve land tenure system through land distribution and leasehold.
- Provision of Support Services - CARP not only involves the distribution of lands but also included package of support services which includes: credit assistance, extension services, irrigation facilities, roads and bridges, marketing facilities and training and technical support programs.
- Infrastrucre Projects - DAR will transform the agrarian reform communities (ARCs), an area focused and integrated delivery of support services, into rural economic zones that will help in the creation of job opportunities in the countryside.
- KALAHI ARZone - The KALAHI Agrarian Reform (KAR) Zones were also launched. These zones consists of one or more municipalities with concentration of ARC population to achieve greater agro-productivity.
- Agrarian Justice - To help clear the backlog of agrarian cases, DAR will hire more paralegal officers to support undermanned adjudicatory boards and introduce quota system to compel adjudicators to work faster on agrarian reform cases. DAR will respect the rights of both farmers and landowners.
What is the national flower of Philippines?
The national flower of the Philippines is the Sampaguita, also known as Arabian Jasmine. It is known for its fragrant white flowers and is widely used in religious ceremonies and traditional customs in the Philippines.
What are examples of plain folks?
Advertisement that features argument were a person represents themselves as a common
Example: Jenifer Lopez was representing herself as a common person in the fair
A public relations technique whereby a politician running for office or a corporation trying to sell a product adopts a humble and everyday appearance and/or language so that people will identify with them and cast the votes or buy the products. It works much better than a three-piece suit.
How many main active volcanoes are there?
There are approximately 1,500 potentially active volcanoes worldwide, with around 500 of these having erupted in historical times. However, the number of currently active volcanoes can vary as eruptions can start or cease suddenly.
Examples of plateau in the Philippines?
An example of a plateau in the Philippines is Mountain Province. Another plateau in the Philippines is Kalinga-Apayao in Luzon. Another plateau in the Philippines is Lanao del Norte and in Mindanao.
What year did Philippines become a country?
The Philippines declared its independence from Spanish colonial rule on June 12, 1898. However, it was not until July 4, 1946, that the Philippines officially became an independent republic after the end of the U.S. colonial period.
What is Tablas Plateau in the Philippines?
Baguio City is in the Benguet Plateau. Another plateau in the Philippines is the Bukidnon Plateau.
What area is the biggest island?
The biggest island in the world is Greenland, with a total area of approximately 2,166,086 square kilometers.
What are the minerals found in the Philippines?
The Philippines is rich in various mineral resources, including copper, gold, chromite, nickel, and iron. Other minerals present in the country include limestone, silica, coal, and marble. The Philippines is known for its significant mineral deposits and is a leading producer of minerals in the Southeast Asian region.
What is the saltiest body of water in the Philippines?
The saltiest body of water in the Philippines is the Sulu Sea. It is located between the southwestern islands of the Philippines and the northern coast of Borneo. The high salinity levels in the Sulu Sea are influenced by evaporation and limited freshwater input.
How filipino values affect communication effectiveness?
Filipino values such as respect, courtesy, and warmth play a significant role in communication effectiveness. These values help build rapport and trust, leading to open and honest communication. Understanding and practicing these values can enhance understanding and reduce misunderstandings in interactions.
Where to buy rubber trees seedlings in Philippines?
Hi. If you are in Mindanao you can buy rubber tree seedlings somewhere in Kidapawan City and Davao City. It depends on where you are. In surigao Del Sur and Agusan Del Norte and Agusan Del Sur the closest area to buy I know is in San Francisco Agusan Del Sur. My parents are selling seedlings but not the budded seedlings so it is not good if you were from far off Surigao Sur. Although my uncle who's a buyer of latex (sap from rubber trees) around Surigao and Agusans, and Davao Norte also sells budding a year ago cost 40pesos each he also knows some place who can produce plenty only 10 pesos if nod budding.
Where can you find the largest forest in the Philippines Palawan or Mindanao?
Palawan has the largest forest in the Philippines. Did you know that almost all of the Philippines was once completely forested? As of 1988, Palawan contained 7,410 square kilometers (km2 )(54 percent) of total forest remaining. At the time this was the highest percentage of any of the Philippines' large islands. Palawan itself is the sixth largest of the Philippine Islands. Sad to say, habitat destruction like logging and shifting cultivation/slash-and-burn (kaingin) brought much threat to the diverse fauna and flora of the ecoregion. Today, scores of animal species and plants are endemic, endangered or threatened. - Manuelle Gwen I. Bayeng
What is the biggest flower in the Philippines?
The biggest flower in the Philippines is Rafflesia Arnoldii.
Rafflesia Arnoldii is not just the biggest flower in the Philippines, it is also the biggest flower in the world.
Ecosystem is a functional unit consisting of all the living organisms like plants animals and microbes in a given area and all the non- living physical and chemical factors of their environment, linked together through nutrient cycling and energy flow.
In an ecosystem both living and non living components interact with each other. Ecosystem vary in sizes.
There are mainly two types of Ecosystems.
They are:
Natural Ecosystem
Artificial Ecosystem
The Strait of Gibraltar, located between Spain and Morocco, is a narrow waterway connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. It is known for its strong currents and being a strategically important maritime passage.
Why do leaves have different patterns?
The leaves have different shapes depending on the physiological necessity of the tree according to the region on the earth. For example the leaves of a tree in tropics have broad shape whereas the leaves of tree in a temperate region have conical shape so that the snow does not accumulate on the leaf. Dr.Rajendra Kumar pipparak@yahoo.co.in
What are the natural resources of the Philippines?
Land resources of the Philippines are;
The total land area of the Philippines is estimated to be 300,000 square kilometers. This is made up of forests, plains, mountains, plateaus, and the mineral reserves. The Constitution dictates our land resources to be classified to agricultural, forests or timber, mineral lands, and national parks. Our land resources are important to us as they provide most of our needs. We get our daily sustenance from the lands around us. They are essential places for breeding, domesticating, and hunting. The trees that provide shelter and freshen the environment are also planted on land. Most of all, land resources provide us with the raw materials needed for production.
Could someone give examples of natural resources that are scarce in the Philippines?
Philippines is facing scarcity of renewable natural resources such as soil and fresh water. This declining availability results in lower agricultural production, economic decline or stagnation.
What is information on the 4th Replacement Depot on Leyte Island in the Philippine Islands?
The 4th Replacement Depot on Leyte Island in the Philippines was a logistical installation operated by the United States Army during World War II. It served as a hub for replacing troops and equipment for units engaged in combat operations in the Pacific theater. The depot played a crucial role in sustaining American forces during the liberation of the Philippines and the wider Pacific campaign.
Why do the landforms of the Philippines have different characteristics?
because of the different weather
What are the festivals in aurora region III Philippines?
Some of the festivals in Aurora Region III, Philippines include the Dinamulag Mango Festival in Zambales, Piesta ng mga Salubong in San Luis, and Ayala Festival in Baler, Aurora. These festivals showcase the rich culture, traditions, and products of the region.
Can you describe the Philippines?
well i can describe Philippines as a really poor country and they are a third world country.
third world means that they don't have good resources like us the poor have to find water, they have to live on the streets, they don't have i pads, i pods and all those other gadgets like us we just have to respect all those other differences we have from them.
