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International Laws
Questions and answers regarding laws in countries outside of the United States.
744 Questions
What is the Outer Space Treaty of 1967?
The Outer Space Treaty is a formal international agreement designed to protect outer space as a resource, to allow peaceful exploration of space for the benefit of all countries and mankind, and to protect the people of earth from the consequences of mismanagement of outer space. As of January 2008, it had been signed and ratified by 99 countries, and another 26 were still awaiting formal ratification.
Brought into effect in 1967, the full name of the treaty is Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.
Because outer space is an untapped resource, there were fears that some countries would seek to exploit these resources for their own benefit, and to the detriment of other countries. As a result, the treaty stipulates that none of the participating states may claim territory in space or on any of the celestial bodies, nor use space (and the celestial bodies) as a place to store or launch weapons of mass destruction. Any countries exploring space are also required to be liable for their space junk.
For more information, see the website at the related link below. It is very readable, and explains the policies in greater detail.
One example of a treatise is "Leviathan" by Thomas Hobbes, which explores the nature of government and society. In this work, Hobbes presents his theory on the social contract and the need for a strong central authority to maintain order. "Leviathan" is considered a foundational text in political philosophy.
I found the following answer on this web site http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/MASINT Cross-cueing is the passing of detection, geolocation and targeting information to another sensor without human intervention.[26]. In a system of sensors, each sensor must understand which other sensors complement it. Typically, some sensors are sensitive (i.e., with a low incidence of false negatives) while others have a low incidence of false positives. A fast sensitive sensor that covers a large area, such as SIGINT or acoustic, can pass coordinates of a target of interest to a sensitive narrowband RF spectrum analyzer for ELINT or a hyperspectral electro-optical sensor. Putting sensitive and selective, or otherwise complementary sensors, into the same reconnaissance or surveillance system enhances the capabilities of the entire system, as in the Rocket Launch Spotter. When combining sensors, however, even a quite coarse sensor of one type can cause a huge increase in the value of another, more fine-grained sensor. For example, a highly precise visible-light camera can create an accurate representation of a tree and its foliage. A coarse spectral analyzer in the visible light spectrum, however, can reveal that the green leaves are painted plastic, and the "tree" is camouflaging something else. Once the fact of camouflage is determined, a next step might be to use imaging radar or some other sensing system that will not be confused by the paint. Cueing, however, is a step before automatic target recognition, which requires both extensive signature libraries and reliable matching to it.
The concept of a primitive but evolving legal system implies that international law has roots in ancient customs and practices that have evolved and adapted over time. This understanding is important because it highlights the ongoing development and flexibility of international law to address contemporary global challenges while still being rooted in traditional principles and norms. It also emphasizes the need for international legal systems to continue evolving to reflect changing geopolitical dynamics and societal values.
What are fiduciary relationships among countries alliances based on?
Fiduciary relationships among countries alliances are typically based on trust, mutual respect, and shared values. They involve a commitment to act in each other's best interests and uphold common goals and principles. Such relationships often entail a higher level of accountability and transparency in decision-making processes.
Whether they're bad or good is a simple matter of opinion. On one side of the coin, their direct action methods tend to get them referred to as terrorists by those opposed to them. On the other hand, their actions - while still questionable - have never resulted in the death of any person, and claims of physical injury caused by Sea Shepherd actions do tend to be a bit dubious.
Essentially, the SSCS and the ICR are operating in a major grey area which the world prefers to turn a blind eye to. In the 1980s, a moratorium against commercial whaling was imposed. However, whaling for scientific research was exempted from this moratorium, and each nation was allowed to set their own quota on how many whales they kill for this. SSCS and their supporters tend to believe that this is a loophole which the Japanese are exploiting to disguise what is essentially commercial whaling, and this claim is not without its merits - many scientists find themselves more impressed with the lack of research generated by the Japanese programme than with the research derived from it, and, of all the nations which continue to take whales, Japan is the only one with a fleet of such magnitude of theirs, including the Nissin Maru factory ship - the only one of its kind in the entire world.
The ICR, on the other hand, claims the opposite, that their whaling is purely for research, and cite a condition of the moratorium that no part of the whales taken under the research exemption may be wasted as a means of explaining why whale meat from the ICR campaigns is sold on the open market.
As for matters of maritime law, both sides violate it, time and time again.
One of the biggest things to remember is that, aside from the direct action campaign, there is also a major propaganda campaign, both by the ICR and the SSCS. The ICR tend to highlight on questionable actions committed by the SSCS while ignoring their own, and the SSCS do the same. The SSCS and their supporters tend to overstate the significance of the presence of Long Range Acoustic Devices on the Japanese ships, just as the ICR placed a major emphasis on the presence of a phototonic disruptor on SSCS vessels.
A very hot dispute is ongoing over an incident this past Winter which resulted in a collision between the SSCS ship Ady Gil(a trimaran formerly known as Earthrace, which set a world record for circumnavigation of the globe by a powered vessel), and the ICR security ship Shonan Maru, where both sides are currently claiming the other to be at fault.
Whether the SSCS is good or bad is really just a matter of personal opinion, and is going to be influenced by where you stand on matters such as whaling, protection of endangered species, upholding of traditional activities, etc.
What is the difference between accession and ratification of a treaty?
Accession: see Ratification. Accession is not the usual method by which a State, which has taken part in the negotiations or signed the treaty, may subsequently consent to be bound by its terms. The treaty may stipulate accession by certain States. In that case, these States have a right to accede to the treaty. Accession may not also require an invitation to accede decided by the Committee of Ministers, upon request of the country interested. In general, accession is permitted after the entry into force of the treaty.
to direct and control all the airlines across the globe
Which international body oversees the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
The United Nations oversees the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Can a US citizen who resides in the US Virgin Islands vote in the presidential election?
Yes, US citizens who reside in the US Virgin Islands are eligible to vote in the US presidential election. However, they cannot vote in the general election because the US Virgin Islands is a territory, not a state. Instead, they participate in the US presidential primary elections. The US Virgin Islands sends delegates to both the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, where they help nominate the respective party's presidential candidate.
What is the universal declaration of rights?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a declaration adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948. It states that the recognition of human dignity is the foundation for justice and peace in the world.
What is the purpose of the International court of Justice?
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its role is to adjudicate disputes submitted to it by States in accordance with international law and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
What is Universal declaration of human rights?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a declaration adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948. It states that the recognition of human dignity is the foundation for justice and peace in the world.
Preventing future generations from the scourge of war (much in line with the United Nations) and finding peaceful resolutions in times of international conflict between states.
This question is about European law. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) judges do not always agree (= concur) on whether the community law (= the rules of the European Union) has supremacy over national law of a Member State. That's what you need to discuss: is community law 'more powerful' (supreme over) than national law?
The answer is yes and no.
Yes, because EU community law is not the same as any other type of international law. See case 62/26 ECJ.
No, because the EU and therefore ECJ do not always have full jurisdiction. You will need to see EU treaties TEU and TFEU for that.
Can jamaicans work in Ireland?
yes, you first need to cantact a solicitor and your employer in Ireland to get a work permit to stay and work here.
Can a Canadian drive across the us border without a passport 2010?
As of June 1, 2009, an American cannot drive across the Canadian border without a passport. Prior to that date, all you needed was a birth certificate and driver's license.
Is it illegal to download from torrents?
It depends on what type of material you are using, If your downloading copyrighted material than yes, that would be illegal, torrents are just a means, a mechanism by which you can make the download , there are many file sharing programs you can use to to share files. frostwire is one bearshare is another just off the top of my head,
It isn't the torrent that is illegal it is what you do with it, or what type of files that you chose to download that may be illegal.
If you download public domain type files or ones that don't have any commercial type rights attached to them prohibiting you from downloading them without paying for them than yes that would be illegal. However if you avoid doing that and stick to files without any copyright etc you will be fine.
Did the Supreme Court of Canada rule in 1998 that Québec had the right of unilateral secession?
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Québec does not have the right of unilateral secession. In the Reference re Secession of Québec, the Supreme Court answered that the peoples of Québec cannot be considered an oppressed group that would have the right to such a form of secession, and further argued that Canada would be "entitled to maintain its territorial integrity under international law and to have that territorial integrity recognized by other states."
The Court noted, however, that a declaration of unconstitutional secession may become a de facto secession, were other members of the international community to grant recognition to Québec as a sovereign state.
false, they did not have right of secession.
The laws of the Salian Franks - the tribe who founded the French kingdom - stated that landed property could only be passed down through the male line. This was later amended to allow a daughter to inherit if there were no sons. Originally, the law did not mention inheritance of kingship, but its original spirit produced an absolute rule that the throne of France could never be occupied by a woman. This is the context in which Salic Law is most often mentioned.
