Scientists

The Bohr model of the atom is based on four fundamental postulates. Although he did not claim to explain or prove these postulates, Bohr found that by applying them, he could predict the properties of single-electron atoms and ions to an amazing degree of accuracy. Using the Bohr model, it is possible to accurately predict the energy levels of all one-electron atoms and ions, such as H, He+, Li2+ Be3+, B4+, C5+, etc.

The four key postulates of Bohr's theory are:

1) Atoms have well-defined electron orbits.

2) Atoms do not radiate.

3) Electrons travel in circular orbits with specific angular momenta, and only certain values are possible (angular momentum is quantized).

4) As electrons go from one orbit to the next, energy is either absorbed or released by the atom.

The quantized angular momentum can be written as:

I = n * (h/2*pi)

where I is the angular momentum, n is any integer, h is Planck's constant, and pi is the number pi, or 3.14159.

The Bohr Model is a planetary model in which the negatively-charged electrons orbit a small, positively-charged nucleus similar to the planets orbiting the Sun (except that the orbits are not planar). The gravitational force of the solar system is mathematically akin to the Coulomb (electrical) force between the positively-charged nucleus and the negatively-charged electrons.

• Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy.
• The energy of the orbit is related to its size. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.
• Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another. Bohr Model of HydrogenThe simplest example of the Bohr Model is for the hydrogen atom (Z = 1) or for a hydrogen-like ion (Z > 1), in which a negatively-charged electron orbits a small positively-charged nucleus. Electromagnetic energy will be absorbed or emitted if an electron moves from one orbit to another. Only certain electron orbits are permitted. The radius of the possible orbits increases as n2, where n is the principal quantum number. The 3 → 2 transition produces the first line of the Balmer series. For hydrogen (Z = 1) this produces a photon having wavelength 656 nm (red light).

• • It violates the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle because it considers electrons to have both a known radius and orbit.
  • The Bohr Model provides an incorrect value for the ground state orbital angular momentum.
  • It makes poor predictions regarding the spectra of larger atoms.
  • It does not predict the relative intensities of spectral lines.
  • The Bohr Model does not explain fine structure and hyperfine structure in spectral lines.
  • It does not explain the Zeeman Effect.

1) Humility

2) Open-mindedness

3) Intellectual Honesty

4) Resourcefulness

5) Rationality

6) Patience

7) Objectivity

8) Carefulness

9) Curiosity

10)Creativity

So God doesn't have to!

ANSWER

it will be different for everyone,

but some because they have a curiosity that isn't satisfied by one or two answers

some because they don't believe the given answers

someone has to, if noone was at the top of the thinking for humanity and humans then what would happen?

basicaly we would go along, never discovering the new things that many scientists discover simply because they thought about it some more

humans have an insatiable thirst for knowledge, even with answers we still want to know more, we want all the details, especialy scientists.

lnowledge will always further and enrich our lives and scientists think aobut it do do this for all of us and for themselves.

f4

ANSWER:

It should first be noted that they don't just think about things, they think of stuff also. The main reason scientist think of things is to look busy. Scientist learned thousands of years ago that if they could appear to be thinking about things everybody would just leave them be and that's how they got out of doing chores around the house. They think about stuff because thinking about things gets old. Besides most of the things to think about have been thought up, and if a scientist wants to get published they have to come up with a truly original idea. So now they mostly think about stuff.

by collecting data. Experimentation In our experiments we attempt to set up conditions so that we know that the outcome of the experiment is the result of the variable that we are manipulating. I hypothesize that a given substance will have a positive effect on plant growth. I will set up several experimental conditions, holding everything constant in each group except the substances given for growth. I observe the growth of the plant, and draw my conclusions. The hypothesis may hold, or it may need to be modified. For example, I notice that the substance that inspired the hypothesis may have caused growth that was too fast, leaving spindly and non-productive plants. I may want to continue the development of the substance, or perhaps find a way to blend it with other substances, and then continue the experimentation. _______________ Here is another example: I am investigating the properties of water, and I need to know all I can about how water, ice and heat interact. I know that when water gets cold enough, it freezes, and that when ice is exposed to heat, it melts. I might come up with a hypothesis-- a first attempt to understand what is happening with water and ice. I hypothesize: Since water is the liquid state of H2O, and liquids are warmer than their solid forms, water must be warmer than ice. It must be that as soon as water forms from melting ice, it is at least a little warmer than the ice. After all, at zero degrees water becomes ice. At this point, I do not know for sure, but I am speculating (hypothesizing) based on the general information that I have. I wonder how I can test my hypothesis: Let us assume that I can measure the temperature of ice and of water with great accuracy. I should be able to easily make a mixture of ice and water, while measuring the temperature of each independently.

• If my hypothesis is correct, I will find that at one atmosphere of pressure and in a chamber kept at exactly zero degrees Celsius the ice will warm to zero degrees Celsius (if it starts out colder than that) and it will get no warmer. When it is warmer, it is water and not ice.
• I will also observe that the water will be at least a little above zero degrees Celsius when it first melts away from the ice.
• I apply heat to the ice and some ice melts.

There are literally thousands of famous scientists who have all made very important contributions to the field of science.

All the winners of the Nobel Prize are, of course, extremely important scientists.

Here are a few examples:

• Sigmund Freud (discovery of Integrated Trinity) - Germany, born in Czechoslovakia
• Alfred Nobel (discovery of dynamite) - Sweden
• Nikola Tesla (electricity field) - Slovenia
• Albert Einstein (Theory of relativity) - Germany
• Karl Jung (discovery of second personality of alcoholics = Alter/ego)
• Gregor Mendel (discovery of genes)
• Isaac Newton (Laws of Gravity)
• William Perkin (chemist who invented the first synthetic dye, mauveine) - Britain
• Herman Mark (The father of polymer chemistry) - Austrian Jew
• Otto Bayer - German scientist who invented polyurethane. (He's not related to the Bayer family that started the chemical company he worked for.)
• Otto Rohm and Otto Haas - German scientists who invented acrylate polymers. These are used for things like Plexiglas and the plastic layer of safety glass.
• Leo Baekeland - Belgian scientist who invented two things: prepackaged photo paper; and phenolic plastic. The photo paper made him rich; the phenolic made him immortal.
• Agapito Flores - Philippine inventor of the fluorescent lamp.
• Fe Del Mundo - Philippine inventor of the incubator.
• Eduardo San Juan - Philippine inventor of the lunar rover.

(For more information on the famous scientists of the world, see the list of Related Links, as well as the Related Questions.)