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Combustion Engines

Combustion engines are not only used in road vehicles but also trains, ships, aircraft, military and construction machines.

1,973 Questions

What is a cryogenic engine?

AnswerCryogenic Engines are rocket motors designed for liquid fuels that have to be held at very low "cryogenic" temperatures to be liquid - they would otherwise be gas at normal temperatures. Typically Hydrogen and Oxygen are used which need to be held below 20°K (-423°F) and 90°K (-297°F) to remain liquid.

The engine components are also cooled so the fuel doesn't boil to a gas in the lines that feed the engine. The thrust comes from the rapid expansion from liquid to gas with the gas emerging from the motor at very high speed. The energy needed to heat the fuels comes from burning them, once they are gasses. Cryogenic engines are the highest performing rocket motors. One disadvantage is that the fuel tanks tend to be bulky and require heavy insulation to store the propellant. Their high fuel efficiency, however, outweighs this disadvantage.

The Space Shuttle's main engines used for liftoff are cryogenic engines. The Shuttle's smaller thrusters for orbital manuvering use non-cyogenic hypergolic fuels, which are compact and are stored at warm temperatures. Currently, only the United States, Russia, China, France, Japan and India have mastered cryogenic rocket technology.

What are the torque specifications for a 1979 Pontiac 455 rocket engine?

In 1979 Pontiac did not make available any 455 (cubic inch) engine. The largest available was a 400 4bbl in the Pontiac Trans Am (220 net horsepower). Also the "rocket engine" description was only applicable to the Oldsmobile Division. The 455 Rocket Engine (Oldsmobile) was discontinued in 1977 where the largest engine was the 403 cubic inch Rocket Engine V8 rated at 185 net horsepower available on the 98 (a 350 cubic inch was standard) and the Toronado. It was also sold to the Buick division and available on the Riviera.

What are the of classifications of reciprocating internal combustion engines?

classification of the reciprocating Internal combustion engine. according to t he cycle of operation.

1 two stroke

2 four stroke

according to the number of cylinders.

1 single cylinder.

2 multi cylinder.

according to the type of fuel

1 petrol engine

2 diesel engine

3 gas engine

according to the arrangement of the cylinder

1 horizontal engine

2 vertical engine

3 V engine

4 radial engine

5 W engine

according the the speed of the engine

1 low speed engine

2 medium speed engine

3 high speed engine

according to method of ignition

1 spark ignition engine

2 compression ignition engine

according to the method of cooling

1 air cooled engine

2 water cooled engine

according to valve arrangement

1 overhead valve engine

2 T head valve engine

3 L head valve engine

4 F head valve engine

according to the cycle of combution

1 otto cycle engine

2 diesel cycle engine

3 dual cycle engine

What would a 420cc engine equal in horsepower?

The best answer is "it doesn't work that way." Two engines of the same displacement can have very different power ratings. As a rule of thumb, assume that a "modern" engine (anything designed in the last 10-15 years) has far more power than anything from the 1960s or 1970s of the same displacement. An GM "Big Block" engine, such as the Rocket 455 (7.5 L), from the early 1970s only produced 300-400 HP or so; modern engines can easily achieve that at much smaller sizes.

What are the different motorcycle engine configurations?

Here are the most common engine configurations as summarized in Timberwoof's Motorcycle FAQ.

  • Single: Called a �thumper.� Most dirt bikes, many small motorcycles, and the following BMW models: F650, R20, R23, R24, R25, R25/2, R25/3, R26, R27, R35.
  • Inline Twin: two pistons side by side.
  • V-twin: Harley Davidsons, Ducatis, Honda Hawk and Superhawk, Moto Guzzi, and a couple of Suzukis including the wonderful SV650. The 90-degree twin is very well balanced; other angles may or may not be, depending on whether the crankshaft has one pin or two.
  • Flat-twin: classic BMW design offers good balance and natural air-cooling. Also called a "Boxer" or opposed-twin engine, the firing of one cylinder helps cancel vibrations from the firing of the other cylinder. Also used by Harley-Davidson in the XA motorcycle copied from BMW during World War 2. See also the Ural - a Russian motorcycle reverse engineered from wartime BMWs. See also the Japanese Marusho motorcycle, yet another BMW copy.
  • Inline-three: Three pistons in a line. Typical examples are Triumph and BMW K75. Historically seen in Kawasaki 2-stroke form in the 1970s
  • Inline-four: Staple of the UJM or "Universal Japanese Motorcycle," found in everything from the 400cc Honda CB-1 to the 1200CC BMW K1200. In the UJM it's mounted with the crankshaft sideways; in the BMW K it's mounted with the crankshaft aimed north-south and the pistons off to the left. Imperfectly balanced, with the potential to be objectionably "buzzy" in the absence of balance shafts or vibe-damping motor mounts.
  • V-four: Honda VFR 800 (sideways) and ST1300 (longitudinal): smooth like a four and balanced like a twin.
  • Flat-six: Honda Gold Wing and Valkyrie: smooth torque monster with low center of gravity. Possesses perfect natural balance without the use of balance shafts or vibration damping engine mounts.
  • Inline-six: An awkward engine to package efficiently, but with the same perfect balance inherent to a flat 6. See the Honda CBX1000, Kawasaki KZ1300, and Benelli 750 and 900 Sei.
  • Square four: As in the Arial Square four. Four vertical cylinders arranged with the center axis of each cylinder at each point of an imaginary square as viewed from above, looking straight down. A mechanically complex arrangement that is difficult to cool with ram air.
  • V-eight: Rare. Currently only used in Boss Hoss motorcycles - usually a General Motors engine. Used in a record-setting Moto Guzzi in the mid 1950s, also occasionally seen in a custom bike, by mating two inline-4s.

In addition to the comprehensive answer above, additional flat twins (boxers) were made by the Chinese, the Russians ( BMW copies) as well as Zundapp, and one by the Japanese. Thumpers come in varying configurations- depending on the angle of the cylinder which can be nearly flat as with Aermacchi 350 and Moto Guzzi Falcone, and at an angle of around 45 degrees in Panther and BSA Sloper. Of course most other single cylinder 4-strokes vary from upright to a few degrees off vertical, such as the approx. 24 degrees of the Vincent Comet. Two-strokes have come in some weird configurations, Honda made a V3 for a few years (two cylinders nearly flat in front, one nearly vertical, like a Ducati, with three carburettors in the "V"). Also, some "inline twins" (more commonly known as parallel twins) have the cylinders "fore and aft" i.e. longitudinal, like the Sunbeam.

How do you adjust the air to fuel ratio on a 2000 Chevy cavalier?

the air fuel ratio is computer controlled dont think there is a way to change it the computer adjust the air/fuel based on sensors and theyre readings. if its not running right its prolly a sensor issue possibly the oxygen sensor

How does a 2005 Honda Civic engine get a cracked engine block?

By overheating, by ice if exposed to cold with not enough antifreze in the coolant. By overpressure if they get flooded and cranked, or if its a turbo engine with a faulty wastegate.

How are pollutants formed in the internal combustion engine?

the burning of gas......the spark pulgs ignite the gasoline...the ignited gas is sent out of the car out the exhast...there is many different ways the car companies has helped to less pollute the air by using EGR Valve (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). and the use of catalatic converter and many other things

Will it damage a petrol engine if you use 30 liters of petrol that you accidentally added three liters of diesel to while in a jerry can?

it would damage the spark plugs and smoke a lot, but the engine in general should be ok, would have to change spark plugs after running tank empty or if having trouble starting.

How do you bleed a diesel engine?

Depends on the type of diesel engine. New common rail engines do not need bled as a rule because the low pressure pump in tank bleeds it for you. It is not a good idea to mess around with these engines as the fuel pressure is so high it could seriously hurt or kill you(do not release injector pipes!!!). Conventional diesel engines are different, there is sometimes a primer/lift pump on or around the fuel filter, even earlier engines had lift pump on block that could be toggled to prime fuel up. Rotary fuel injection pumps have a lift pump fitted in them so they self bleed but its still necessary to crack open the injector pipes to bleed air to the injectors. Unable to give specific directions as i dont know what engine you have

if you need to bleed diesel fuel system u need to first find where air got in then you can crach a fuel line enuff to allow fuel to leak out when engine is turning over once engine fires tighten fuel line again the rest of air will burn or secape by itself

What is the explanation for the working of a benson boiler?

Benson Boiler is a water tube high pressure boiler having forced circulation. It works on the principle that if the boiler pressure is raised to critical pressure (225 kg/cm^2) then there is no formation of steam bubbles Because the steam and water at this pressure will have the same Density. To achieve this water is fed to the boiler at critical pressure . At this pressure water will be directly converted to superheated steam as the latent heat at critical pressure is zero. Overall efficiency of plant is decreased as a lot of energy is consumed by feed water. Operating the boiler at a slightly lower pressure than the critical pressure efficiency can be increased. Thermal efficiency upto 90% can be achieved.

Does a1993 300zx has a interference engine?

( YES ) according to the Gates website ( they make timing belts etcetera )

the 3.0 liter V6 engine in a 1993 Nissan 300 ZX ( IS AN INTERFERENCE ENGINE )