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Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the use of tools, machines and labor to produce goods for sale or use. It may refer to various human activities ranging from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production where raw materials are transformed into finished goods.
8,256 Questions
What kind of Esso grease is the same as Shell Alvania RS?
Unirex N2 is close to the equivalent of Alvania R2
What is the shell grease equivalent to Mobile Polyrex Ep2?
The Shell grease equivalent to Mobil Polyrex EP 2 is Shell Gadus S3 V220C 2. Both are lithium-complex greases designed for a wide range of applications, providing excellent performance in high-load and high-temperature environments. They offer good mechanical stability, water resistance, and protection against wear.
What state produces the most mohair?
Texas is the leading mohair producing state, while New Mexico and Arizona produce nearly all of the rest of the country's mohair. The three-state total for goats clipped in 2002 was 248,000 head, down considerably from 936,000 head in 1997
How many employees did most miscellaneous manufacturing equipment companies have in 2001?
Despite industry consolidation, the U. S. Census Bureau showed 1,789 firms operating in this industry during 2001, the vast majority of which had fewer than 100 employees.
No, OSHA does not require a lunch room that has air conditioning, condensers, or heat ex-changers. The only thing OSHA regulates is that employees must have a set amount breaks depending on how many hours they are working per day.
How do you buy heavy equipment?
It's tough to get all the heavy equipments at one place. However, I managed to have a look at a website www.everymachinery.com where almost all the heavy equipments where listed. We can contact the suppliers of the heavy equipments through this website and buy them. You got what I mean? All the heavy equipments in one place!
Who repairs and services Lowrey Organs in northern VT?
Premium Elite Service in West Burke Vermont services Lowrey organs as well as Allen, Hammond, Rodgers, Thomas, Roland and most others. Technician is Certified with over 40 years experience. Tel 802-467-1042 email organtec@charter.net
Differentiate managerial Tools from operational tools in context of Manufacturing industry?
There are different kinds of models and tools available for the corporation in its journey of quality. Depending upon the need, situation, and level, one or more of these tools and techniques could be used. These tools could be managerial or operational in nature. Here we are discussing some of these tools in the context of a manufacturing industry. MANAGERIAL TOOLS : Using the diagrammatic representation approach, certain managerial tools have been developed for step-by-step problem solving to achieve improvement. Some of these are :- i. Affinity digram ii. Relations digram iii. Tree digram iv. Matrix digram v. Matrix data analysis vi. Process decision program chart (PDPC) Tool 1 : ACCEPTABLE QUALITY LEAVEL Purpose : To provide a structure of sampling plans, risks, and inspection strategies to ensure that the customer receives the quality that the supplier has contracted to deliver. The method is normally used when each is evaluated on the basis of a set of attributes and rate as acceptable or non-acceptable. How to use? The customer and supplier agree on he quality level. This is defined as the worst quality which can be considered acceptable as the average percent defectives. AQL could vary from 01 to 1000 defects per 1000 units. They also agree on the level of inspection. The ideal situation for the supplier would be no inspection to in the worst case 100% inspection. The various stage are : 1. Normal inspection 2. Tightened inspection 3. Reduced inspection Tool 2. ERROR PROOFING (Pokayoke) Purpose : To design an operation in such a way that specific error are prevented from causing major problems to the customer. It can be used when defects occur and require 100 per cent inspection, immediate feedback and action at the • Source of the raw materials • Start of the production process • Production points where an error may occur How to use? In a pokayoke system, carry out automatic continuous inspection and if abnormalities occur, then provide feedback and take action. However, before can begin, one has to halt the process, obtain feedback and execute necessary action. All this is done at a low cost. Tool 3. KAIZAN Purpose : A Japanese term meaning ‘charge for the better’, the concept implies a continuous improvement in all company function at all levels. It is more a culture attitude and a life style rather than techniques. Japanese as a nation are bent upon improving and developing. How to use? The kaizen concept is based on people’s commitment and participation by using their knowledge experience and can, therefore, be established through any participatory activities. The beauty is that a continuous application of Kaizen can a corporation with a similar technology base that of a competitor can outperform the same in terms of productivity. Tool 4. QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD) Purpose : It is the process optimizing the process of developing and products on the basis of customer needs. During design, commissioning, or post-commissioning to translate customer requirements into company requirements. The technique can be used in research, product development, engineering, manufacturing, marketing and even distribution areas. How to use? QFD is a five stage process as per Bossert 1. Identifying customer needs which are usually characteristics or attributes. 2. Translation of loose statements of need into definitions of requirements which are objective and definable and mesureable. 3. The specifications are converted into end product attributes. They are also called critical path characteristics. 4. Design a process to deliver the product with the expected characteristics. 5. The final stage is to plan activities to produce the output. Tool 5. FAILURE MODE EFFECT ANALYSIS How to use? To conduct FMFA effectively, one must follow a systematic approach. The recommended approach is an eight-step method that facilities the system, design, product, process and service FMFA. 1. Select the team and brainstorm 2. Draw the functional block diagram and process flow chart 3. Priortize 4. Data collection 5. Analysis 6. Results 7. Confirm/ evaluate/ measure 8. Do it all over again OPERATIONAL TOOLS Too 1. PARETO CHART Wilfred Pareto, an Italian Economist conducted a study on the income tax paying patterns of U.S. He discovered that 80% of the tax is paid by 20% of the assesses. This gave rise to the now famous 80-20 principal. The Pareto chart enables the identification of the major few from the trival many. The chart enables zeroing in on the top most for concern. How to use ? 1. Identify and tabulate all the defects in a lot. 2. Arrange them in descending order based on the number of defectives. 3. Convert the defects as percentage of total defects. 4. The defects which have the maximum percentage will have to be attack first. Tool 2. CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS Purpose : To examine the effects of problem to find out the possible causes and to point our possible areas where data can be collected. Steps : a) Brainstorm all possible causes of problem or effect selected for the analysis b) Classify the major causes under man, machine, material methods c) Draw a cause and effect digram d) Identify the root cause Tool 3. FAULT TREE ANALYSIS Purpose : To perform a quantitative as well as qualitative analysis of a complex system. How to use ? Design of the fault tree begins by specifying the non-desired occurrence. The immediate cause of this event has to be connected with the necessary sequence. This procedure is repeated until a basic fault occurrence level is reached. Tool 4. ROBUST DESIGN Purpose : To achieve the propose functioning of a component even when affected by interfering factors, whether external, internal, or manufacturing variation. How to use ? Divide the disturbing factors into the following group : i. Inner disturbances, i.e. wear and tear of the individual unit due to its operation. ii. Outer disturbances, i.e. variation of temperature and other environmental factors during usage. iii. Manufacturing variations, i.e. deviation from set target.
What are the kinds of wood shredders that are used to make artificial wood from forest wastes?
That is somewhat vague. are you talking about engineered wood? such as plywood, OSB, and particle board?
How many sheets of notebook paper does it take to make 500 words?
That question is impossible to answer with just 500 words as information. Different people have different handwriting that is all different sizes.
How multilayer bottles are manufactured?
The answer is not simple. First you'd need to understand how bottles can be manufactured through different processes. Extrusion Blow Molding is a process that allows you to make a bottle using
a) an EXTRUDER to melt and feed material to b) an EXTRUSION HEAD, and then form a c) PARISON (which is a sort of a hot plastic hose that can later be blown with high pressure air) that is brought into a d) MOULD that will cool-down the plastic giving it its final form. In the extrusion head, the hot plastic (fluid) is guided trough some channels that form the Parison, several different systems are used to form a parison, and they vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Once you have a parison you can superpose it onto another parison (it's like forming an onion) and you can add several parisons to form different layers, you can use different materials as long as you can make them stay united. The multilayer parison is then brought into the mould and blown to adopt the form of it, which can be a bottle or some other forms. In Injection Blow Molding you can also use the multilayer process to form a bottle. The process is quite different here: you need to inject first a preform (which is a sort of tube o proto-bottle) and then you condition its temperature to allow blowing in a next step. For this process you need two molds, one that will be used for injection and the other that will be used to blow the bottle. The preform or proto-bottle is then brought into the blowing mould and blown to the shape of the bottle using high pressure air. To form several layers you need a multi-extruder or canyon capable machine that injects the material layer onto layer. You can have several different materials as long as they are compatible and stick together. I hope this is clear for you - if not, i could expand the answers, and maybe include a picture....
Why do woolen blankets keeps us warm better than cotton sheets?
Because the woolen blankets have many layers but the cotton sheet has only one layer so it traps more heat.
Brett Lorimer
I think its more to do with air pockets not layers, I was in Norway in -40 degress in the army and the best equipment we had was fishnet long johns! full of airpockets and toasty! British Issue stuff was layered but no air pockets.
Who made the sticky tar baby doll from the 1870's?
1879 Author Joel Chandler Harris' "Tar-Baby," an animal tale told by the Uncle Remus character, popularizes the sticky tar doll figure of black American folktales.
The ACTUALL doll in the Story was made by Br'er Bear
How many metric ton have 20 feet container?
Feet is an unit of volume and metric ton is an unit of mass, you can't compare them directly. We should know a density of items in this container to calculate their mass.
How to calculate standard hours per unit of output with standard variable overhead rate?
Standard Hours. The amount of labor time, expressed in hours, that should be required to complete a single unit of work.
How much does a steinway d cost?
Ah, well, that depends on if you are buying new. ^.^; New, steinways are about 135,000 dollars.. if you are buying used... Then that depends.. Some older steinways could be much more. Steinways have APPRECIATING values, instead of depreciating values, so as the get older, they tend to raise in value.. Really, they are the best(IMHO) piano's you could buy. There are even articles about investing in Steinway pianos instead of stocks, as they grow in value. I know there are mixed reviews on this though.. Some sources on the net say they do depreciate. (On one forum, based on Larry Fines piano book) Says that a 20 year old Steinway in "better" condition is 68,000$.. So yeah, I hope that I helped in some way. ;)
Is the Amazon basin known for rubber harvested from its trees?
why rubber is no longer an important commercial product of the amazon basin
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· As people living in amazon basin produce crops through a method known as 'slash and burn method' where the trees are cut and burnt to make small plots to cultivate crops. Because of the excessive destruction of trees carbon-dioxide increase in the atmosphere. the rubber plant that grows absorbs whatever is available in the atmosphere. it started to absorb a lot of carbon-dioxide . all the plants then did not give proper latex ( liquid rubber ).
The Madeira-Mamoré Railroad, finished in 1912, arrived too late. The Amazon was already losing primacy in rubber production, as the English had planted rubber trees in its colonies in Malaysia,Sri Lanka, and tropical Africa. These rubber trees were planted from seeds that Henry Wickham had smuggled out of Brazil in 1876.[4] These plantations were able to produce latex with greater efficiency and productivity. Consequently, with lower costs and a lower final price, the British Empire assumed control of the world rubber market.
The Amazon's rubber was undercut in the world market and demand for it fell. This rapidly resulted in the stagnation of the regional economy. There was a lack of entrepreneurial or governmental vision to find alternatives for development. The "rubber barons" and economic elite followed the money, leaving the region to seek their next fortunes elsewhere.
lthough the railroad and the cities of Porto Velho and Guajará-Mirim remained as a legacy to this bright economic period, the recession caused by the end of the rubber boom left profound scars on the Amazon region. There was a massive loss of state tax income, high levels of unemployment, rural and urban emigration, and abandoned and unneeded housing. Those who remained in the region had few expectations for the future. Deprived of their income, the rubber workers remained in the periphery of Manaus, searching for new work. Because of the lack of housing, in the 1920s they built the cidade flutuante ("floating city"), a type of residence that was consolidated in the 1960s.
To try to stem the crisis, the central government of Brazil created the Superintendência de Defesa da Borracha("Superintendency of Defence of Rubber"). It was inefficient and unable to effect real change, and, for this reason, it was eliminated soon after its creation.
In the 1930s, Henry Ford, the United States automobile pioneer, undertook the cultivation of rubber trees in the Amazon region. He established the city ofFordlândia in the west part of Pará state, specifically for this end, together with worker housing and planned community amenities. The plantation suffered from a leaf pest and the effort failed.
The second rubber boom, 1942-1945
Changes in the world economy during the Second World War created a new rubber boom, although it was of brief duration. As Japan dominated the eastern Pacific Ocean from the beginning of 1942 and invaded Malaysia, the rubber plantations there came under their control. 97% of the Asian rubber production was lost to the Allies.
Rubber production returned to the Amazon Basin, incorporating some new technologies. United States companies invested in the region and their managers played an active role. New buildings were constructed in Belém and Manaus. An example was the Grande Hotel, a luxurious hotel constructed in Belém in only three years, which today is the Hilton Hotel.
The rubber battle[edit]
Anxious to supply the Allied Forces with the rubber needed for war equipment, the Brazilian government made an agreement with the United States government (the Washington Accords). It set goals for the large-scale extraction of Amazon latex, an operation which became known as the Batalha da borracha ("rubber battle"), for the manpower and effort devoted to the project.
After the rubber forests were abandoned, no more than 35,000 workers remained in the region. The great challenge of Brazil was to increase the annual production of latex from 18,000 to 45,000 tons, as set in the agreement. For this, 100,000 men were needed.
During the same period, the northeast part of Brazil had suffered a devastating drought and an unprecedented crisis for its farmers. Brazil decided to recruit new rubber workers from that region. The Estado Novo in 1943 ordered the compulsory enlisting of workers in the Serviço Especial de Mobilização de Trabalhadores para a Amazônia (SEMTA; "Special Service of Mobilization of Workers for the Amazon"), based in the northeast, in Fortaleza. Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas reduced the problem of the economic blight and at the same time increased colonization of the Amazon Basin.
In addition to SEMTA, the government created other organizations to support the rubber battle: the Superintendência para o Abastecimento do Vale da Amazônia (SAVA: the Superintendency for the Provisioning of the Amazon Valley), the Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública (SESP: the Special Service of Public Health), and the Serviço de Navegação da Amazônia e de Administração do Porto do Pará (SNAPP: Navigation Service of the Amazon and Administration of the Port of Pará). The Banco de Crédito da Borracha (Rubber Credit Bank) was also created. Later in 1950 it became the Banco de Crédito da Amazônia (Amazon Credit Bank).
The international organization Rubber Development Corporation (RDC), financed with capital from United States industries, covered the expenses of relocating the migrants (known at the time as brabos). The United States government paid the Brazilian government $100 for every worker delivered to the Amazon.
Thousands of workers from various regions of Brazil were transported under force to obligatory servitude. Many suffered death by tropical diseases of the region, such as malaria and yellow fever. The northeast region sent 54,000 workers to the Amazon alone, 30,000 of which were from Ceará. These new rubber workers were called soldados da borracha ("rubber soldiers") in a clear allusion to the role of the latex in supplying the U.S. factories with the rubber necessary to fight the war.
In 1849 Manaus had 5,000 inhabitants, expanding in the next half-century to 70,000. During World War II, the region again enjoyed prosperity. Money began to circulate in Manaus, Belém, and other cities and towns nearby, and the regional economy gained strength.
For many workers, it was a one-way journey. About 30,000 rubber workers died in the Amazon, after having exhausted their energies extracting the "white gold." They died of malaria, yellow fever, and hepatitis,[5] They also suffered attacks by animals such as panthers, serpents, and scorpions. The Brazilian government did not fulfill its promise to return the "rubber soldiers" to their homes at the end of the war as heroes and with housing comparable to that of the military veterans.[6] It is estimated that only about 6,000 workers managed to return to their homes, at their own expense. In the 21st century, the decreasing number of survivors have challenged the government for recognition and compensation for themselves and their families for their contributions to the war effort.[6]
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HR management is a detailed course ocvering all aspects of HR from a basic communications approeach through to certain psychological traits of the individuals in a working environment. It deals with IR, Labour Law, communications, training, etc. It also inlcudes subjects that are necessary to ensure that there is a connection between business and human resources, such as accounting and computers. The reason for these subjects being included is because HR is generally regarded as "people specialists" by others who regard themselves as "business specialists". The link between the two is extremely necessary given the nature of business and the rate at which it is advancing.
yes nylon is very flammable becasue it is made up of all different flammable properties. lol N - nylon Y - yes L - lovely O - old N - nylon ................................ IS FREAKY FLAMMABLE
How do you make a Rainforest project by hand using termocol or cardboard?
If you mean kind of a little model of a rain forest, then what you can do is take the termocol and bend it so it forms a board. Then use the card board to cut out grass, animals and more. color in everything and then use some nail polish or varnish to cover it off.
What is the accuracy of the investment casting process for steel?
There are two main controlling factors in this process
When an investment casting sets it generally shrinks upto a few millimetres from its cast size. Depending on the complexity of the component being made more advanced machinery or more skilled die makers may be required to produce the required shape. In a premium casting upto 1/8 of a millimetre is attainable- to achieve this however there will high set up costs due to the following items. When designing the die to accomodate for post-cast shrinkage the number and complexity of calculations and simulations will be large. The cost and machining time for the die cutting, and the cost of the materials involved will be much higher. The die will require a long post-process, both before production commences and between batches to maintain die consistency and quality. For a commercial standard casting this tolerance will be around +/- 0.5mm depending on the complexity of shape. On the lowest budget this can grow to as high as +/- 2mm. All the above applies for castings <0.5kg.
