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Political Theory

Find questions about different political theories and government models here.

2,314 Questions

How does globalization promote democracy?

There are three main avenues for the spread of democracy via globalisation:

  1. Modernisation, which predicts democracy naturally occurs with development (and globalisation promotes development).
  2. Culture, which spreads democratic ideas and norms via media.
  3. Force, whereby democratic countries, being the most powerful and wealthy, spread their system of government abroad.

Why is majority rule and minority rights important in democracy?

In a democratic society, the concept (and reality) of 'majority rule and minority rights' is vitally important for a number of reasons. On the one hand, it represents a commitment to fairness and functionality alike, with the will of the majority given the space and power it deserves in order to be acted upon. On the other hand, and as a vital complement, it also recognizes the danger of oppression of minority groups by the democratic majority; thus, it seeks to create appropriate space for minorities of any kind to continue to flourish despite (or even because of) their differences with the majority.

How did US President Truman deal with communism?

US President Harry S. Truman can be criticized for allowing the USSR to dominate Eastern Europe following WW 2. He dis learn his lesson however, and decided on a containment policy to decrease the threat of an expanding communist threat.

He showed that by his actions in the Korean War. He forced North Korea to retreat back to its original border with South Korea. On the other hand, he failed to use the US monopoly of nuclear weapons to force Stalin into giving Eastern Europe its freedom.

How did fascism affect Germany?

Hitler began to rule Germany and almost all the countrys in Europe and any person who was different from him would be killed,sent to a work or death camp,have public humiliation,stay in a ghetto,and who knows what else

Which English philosopher influenced Thomas Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence?

The English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) is often cited as a major influence on the political philosophy of Thomas Jefferson. However, his writing also reflects themes of other scholars, notably Rousseau and Montesquieu.

What is a one-party system?

The worst idea ever. In a one party system of government the people would only have one party to choose from. Say like if there were no republicans and only democrats ran for office, that would be a one party system.

What group was oppressed by the middle class according to Karl Marx?

Karl Marx did not say the "middle class" oppressed any group. Marx said the "bourgeoisie" (owners and controllers of the means of production) oppressed the "proletariat" (wage employees who own only the right to sell their own labors). The term "middle class" as we know it today was not a Marxian term.

The bourgeoisie, however, did not rule any nation . This class had rulers that were sympathetic to capitalism.

The ruling classes were both ultra-rich capitalists and the aristocracy ( such as the Romanovs in Russia).

For Marx (and Lenin) the "haves" were those who controlled the societal mode of material production, and also the societal modes of symbolic production. The "have-not's" were those who were dependent upon those controlling, particularly, the material mode of production. This is all very simply operationalized in their concept of "Social Relations to Production." Social class from a Marxist perspective (as opposed to a Weberian perspective) is defined by one's relationship to the predominate means of production. Either you are in a "controlling' relationship (bourgeois - owners) or an exploitative relationship (proletariat - workers.) - So from this view, Peyton Manning or Denzel Washington are essentially workers - so is not always about money or prestige. The Weberain critique of Marx's two tier class system brings into the discourse of social class prestige (social honor) and consumptive capacity (financial resources) and also suggests that a middle class of technocrats and bureaucrats have succeeded in becoming less dependent on the owners (than workers are) because they truly control the "knowledge" of the day to day operations of most aspects of our predominant (hegemonic) mode of production. Antoine Gramsci comes back (followed by many other brilliant thinkers,such as Noam Comskey) arguing that yes their is a measure of "control" in a tertiary relations to production that Marx did not identify, namely Weber's technocrats/bureaucrats, but that such control is heavily influenced by the "have's" control over society's mode of symbolic production - a cultural hegemony that espouses values, beliefs and normative expectation that serve the interests of the haves over the middle and lower classes - Chomskey's "manufacturing of consent" - Steven Luke's/John Gaventa's "third face of power." - manipulation of the basic collective symbols and myths of society that underlay and reinforce hegemonic cultural ideologies (Marx's Superstructure.)

What were Mussolinis ideas of fascism?

Mussolini's ideas of fascism centered around authoritarian nationalism, emphasizing the supremacy of the state over individual interests and the need for a strong, centralized government. He promoted the concept of a totalitarian regime where the state controls various aspects of life, including the economy and culture, to achieve national unity and strength. Additionally, Mussolini advocated for militarism and imperial expansion, believing that a powerful nation must assert itself on the global stage. His vision also included the suppression of political dissent and the promotion of a collective identity based on national pride and cohesion.

What is the difference between a direct democracy and a republican form of government?

These two forms of government: Democracy and Republic, are not only dissimilar but antithetical, reflecting the sharp contrast between (a) The Majority Unlimited, in a Democracy, lacking any legal safeguard of the rights of The Individual and The Minority, and (b) The Majority Limited, in a Republic under a written Constitution safeguarding the rights of The Individual and The Minority.

Which of these is a difference between nazisum and fascism?

Fascism: The original Fascists were a breakaway faction that disagreed with the Italian Socialist Party about World War I. Benito Mussolini (an influential Socialist leader and writer) and his followers believed that World War I was a great opportunity to unite the people of Italy and take land from Austria that they thought rightfully belonged to Italy. The Socialist Party stood against Italian involvement in the war, as most Socialists and Communists of the time did.

As the War ended and Italy won less Austrian territory than expected, Mussolini's breakaway faction began its rise to power. Their new Fascist Party (named after the "fasces", a symbol used to show the ranks of government officials in the Roman Republic/Empire) emphasized militarism, extreme nationalism, authoritarianism and a general "might makes right" philosophy. They opposed both Communist and Capitalist economics, preferring instead their own form of economy called "Corporatism", where the government breaks the economy into smaller pieces, each controlled by a joint government and private management.

National Socialism, or, more commonly, Nazism: is a sort of political philosophy that pretty closely resembles Fascism. It arose from small extreme right-wing and anti-semitic political parties in Germany after World War I. First and foremost, Nazism emphasized racism, especially anti-semitism. Like Fascism, it also emphasizes militarism, extreme nationalism (although in Nazism's case, "nationalism" is based on races, not countries- "Germans are good, Jews are bad"), authoritarianism, and "might makes right". They twisted existing ideas like Darwinism into new, messed-up ideas, like that it was perfectly OK to wipe out other races because "obviously" German people were better than other people.

Adolf Hitler, the primary leader of Nazism, fully admitted that he didn't care too much about economics, but when the Nazis ruled Germany, their economy largely remained capitalist- although Jews were removed from it, and the Nazis would occasionally take control of businesses and companies when it was convenient for their goals. While Hitler and his Nazi Party were trying to come to power in the 1920's, they did say a lot of things to make themselves sound like they were Socialists- but in reality, they were quietly promising big business owners that it wasn't the case, and once they came to power, they proved it.

The overwhelmingly major difference between the two, as you may have noticed, is race. Nazism was profoundly racist; Fascism was not. Mussolini even criticized Hitler's "pointless racism", and appears to have initially believed Hitler to be a buffoon (and he was not the only person to make that mistake). Only once Hitler's Germany became very powerful and Italy needed allies (they were trying to conquer smaller countries like Albania), did Mussolini join Hitler's side. After World War II started and Italy's military showed itslef to be fairly weak, Germany began to push its lesser partner to adopt racist laws similar to the ones the Nazis had; Italy did so, so by the time the war was coming to an end, Fascist Italy did very closely resemble Nazi Germany.

Is India a democracy or a republic?

india is a democratic republic or you can say republic democracy.in democracy a government is made by majority that means minority has little power compared to majority. In republic first representatives are set which are chosen by people. Minority and majority all have their own representatives.which then forms goverment. Minority cannot be ignored in republic as they are also the part of goverment. In india we got both. A government of majority and representatives(as MP and MLA) so india has a well balanced mixture of republic and democratic rules. That is why india is a republic democratic country. India is also called as THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA.

Just how much is 700 billion dollars?

The largest US currency in circulation for the past 55+ years is the $ 100 bill. Each piece of US currency weighs about a gram and there are 454 grams in a pound. Thus, each pound would amount to $ 45,400.

If one takes $ 700 billion and divides by $ 45,400 the answer would be approximately 15,418,500 pounds.

Does Nigeria have a democracy?

Nigeria as of August 2013 is a Federal Presidential Republic, but it can't really be called a true democracy. Power often changes hand and milltry coups are quite common, so the power is unpredictable.You usually its army power ,as the ruler.

What is it called when government is run by the people?

Democracy as we know it IS "a government that is run by each and every persons own vote". The problem with Democracy is that it is tyranny of the majority over the minority. The U.S. Government was set up as a Constitutional Republic, NOT a Democracy, so that even the minority has a voice, and so the Majority doesn't rule over the Minority. - Pat Riot

How can people bring democracy into their lives?

The best way for me to answer this would say to except people for who they are, and what they say as being important, Even when you may not agree with them. Being Democratic is to me seeing the other before we see ourselves!

Did a direct democracy citizens choose a smaller group to make laws?

senators

It is called a direct democracy. The USA has is a direct democracy, because we choose a small group of people to make laws for us. (ex. presidents, governors, senators)

(Oh and btw ignore the senators answer above this one because while they are right that a senator is in a direct democracy that does, by no means, answer the question asked.)

Who is credited with the founding of modern communism?

The Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, established Russia as a socialist state in 1917 after the revolution of that year. Communism derived from the socialist aspect of the party's policies and actions.

What ideas that John Locke expressed in the 1690s are also in the Declaration of Independence?

In the 1690s Locke expressed the idea that people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Locke wrote that people form governments to protect those rights, and that a government interfering with those rights could rightfully be overthrown. Locke, in general favored a limited government.

What is the most useful indicator of the degree of democracy reached by a particular society?

liberty

Answer

Frankly, there is no "One Indicator" that defines democracy. A democracy requires a variety of different factors, each of which is key to promoting a healthy democracy. In particular, open elections, open communications, transparent government decision-making, the level of citizen participation in government, and the length of tenure in office of politicians are typically some metrics used to judge the success of a democracy. However, those are but a few, and possibly not even the most important factors.

Why did nationalism come late in the Arab region?

Nationalism is a product of modern thought (as opposed to medieval thought). Since modernity only reached the Arab World when it was colonized by Western Powers in the late 1800s and early 1900s, Nationalism only began there in those periods.